ADHD inattentive symptoms mediate the relationship between intelligence and academic performance in children aged 6-14

Costa, Danielle de Souza; Paula, Jonas Jardim de; Júnior, Antônio M. Alvim-Soares; Diniz, Breno S.; Romano-Silva, Marco Aurélio; Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes; Miranda, Débora Marques de

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1201

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This study showed an impact of IQ on inattentive symptoms, similar to previous studies that suggested a correlation between the inattentive ADHD subtype and fluid intelligence that is not found for hyperactivity/impulsivity subtypes (Costa et al, 2014; Vaida, Mattoo, Wood, & Madhosh, 2013). However, in the present sample, there was no effect of estimated IQ on the ADHD general score, in contrast with previous literature that consistently demonstrated that adults and children with ADHD have lower levels of psychometrically measured intelligence than non-ADHD controls (Hervey, Epstein, & Curry, 2004; Kuntsi et al, 2004; Rapport, Scanlan, & Denney, 1999; Rommel, Rijsdijk, Greven, Asherson, & Kuntsi, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparability of an ADHD Latent Trait Between Groups: Disentangling True Between-Group Differences From Measurement Problems

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparability of an ADHD Latent Trait Between Groups: Disentangling True Between-Group Differences From Measurement Problems

et al. 2017

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“…In our current paper, we did not observe group effects (i.e., differences between controls and ADHD) on the measurements of PGT due to the working memory training, other than on the response times ( Table 2). Our finding is in agreement with the observation that working memory training in general improves processing speed and attention performance [87] independently of the transfer to fluid intelligence [24,62,79] and that inattentive symptoms in ADHD are not associated with fluid intelligence [78,79,88] Hence, we do not discuss further the gambling task-related ERP components but P1 and LPN, the wave components which appeared to be the most affected by dual n-back task working memory training.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

et al. 2020

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Background: Working memory (WM) deficits and impaired decision making are among the characteristic symptoms of patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The inattention associated with the disorder is likely to be due to functional deficits of the neural networks inhibiting irrelevant sensory input. In the presence of unnecessary information, a good decisional process is impaired and ADHD patients tend to take risky decisions. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the level of difficulty of a WM training (WMT) is affecting the top-down modulation of the attentional processes in a probabilistic gambling task. Methods: Event-related potentials (ERP) triggered by the choice of the amount wagered in the gambling task were recorded, before and after WMT with a the dual n-back task, in young ADHD adults and matched controls. For each group of participants, randomly assigned individuals were requested to perform WMT with a fixed baseline level of difficulty. The remaining participants were trained with a performance-dependent adaptive n-level of difficulty. Results: We compared the ERP recordings before and after 20 days of WMT in each subgroup. The analysis was focused on the time windows with at least three recording sites showing differences before and after training, after Bonferroni correction ( p < 0.05 ). In ADHD, the P1 wave component was selectively affected at frontal sites and its shape was recovered close to controls’ only after adaptive training. In controls, the strongest contrast was observed at parietal level with a left hemispheric dominance at latencies near 900 ms, more after baseline than after adaptive training. Conclusion: Partial restoration of early selective attentional processes in ADHD patients might occur after WMT with a high cognitive load. Modified frontal sites’ activities might constitute a neural marker of this effect in a gambling task. In controls, conversely, an increase in late parietal negativity might rather be a marker of an increase in transfer effects to fluid intelligence.

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“…The difficulty with sustaining attention leads to marked school difficulties. Struggles with studying or paying attention in class can lead to academic decline and failure [18] . Adults often run the risk of unemployment due to ADHD jeopardizing job performance and acceptable attendance records.…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does mindfulness meditation improve attention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Modesto‐Lowe

Farahmand

Chaplin

et al. 2015

WJP

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Author contributions: Modesto-Lowe V and Chaplin M wrote the majority of the first draft; Farahmand P wrote the majority of the second draft including an addition on the effects of mindfulness on attention; Sarro L wrote the clinical section, helped rewrite the subsequent drafts and edited each version. Conflict-of-interest statement:The senior author and coauthors of this paper have no conflicts of interest to disclose. AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests by high levels of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity. ADHD starts in childhood and results in impairments that continue into adulthood. While hyperactivity declines over time, inattention and executive function difficulties persist, leading to functional deficits. Adolescents and adults with ADHD have pervasive impairment in interpersonal and family relationships. They may develop addiction, delinquent behavior and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, persistent residual symptoms are common, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. Mindfulness training, derived from Eastern meditation practices, may improve self-regulation of attention. It may also be a useful strategy to augment standard ADHD treatments and may be used as a potential tool to reduce impairments in patients with residual symptoms of ADHD. Clinically, this would manifest by an increased ability to suppress task-unrelated thoughts and distractions resulting in improved attention, completion of tasks and potential improvement in occupational and social function. Core tip: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic and potentially handicapping developmental disorder that affects both children and adults. Recent advances in research have led to improved screening, MINIREVIEWS

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ADHD inattentive symptoms mediate the relationship between intelligence and academic performance in children aged 6-14

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Comparability of an ADHD Latent Trait Between Groups: Disentangling True Between-Group Differences From Measurement Problems

Comparability of an ADHD Latent Trait Between Groups: Disentangling True Between-Group Differences From Measurement Problems

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

Does mindfulness meditation improve attention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

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