Adequação nutricional da alimentação escolar em município rural Espírito Santo, Brasil

Abstract

This study has assessed the adequacy of energy and nutrients in school meals offered to elementary students in a rural county of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil; the values recommended in the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) were used as reference. It is an observational cross-sectional study developed in public schools through the analysis of portions offered to students aged 6 to 10 years old. Eighteen randomly selected school units (50% of total) were visited. Meals prepared by school cooks were weighed and portioned by 5kg capacity (1g accuracy) digital scale, according to standardized protocol. Dietpro 5i software was used for energy and nutrients quantification. The average portion offered weighed 248g, and contained 388 calories, 62g carbohydrate, 13g protein, 9g total fat, 2g fiber, 202µg vitamin A, 9.8mg vitamin C, 116mg calcium, 2.3mg iron, 42mg magnesium and 1.1mg zinc. The values for energy, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron and magnesium exceeded the recommendations of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE); on the other hand, the amounts of fiber, calcium and zinc were lower than the recommended ones. It is necessary to reformulate some aspects of school meals in the county in order to conform to the nutritional recommendations, such as incorporating more fruit and vegetables in the daily menus, defining and standardizing the portion of the foods/meals offered and continuously monitoring the activities defined in the school meals plan.

Qualidade nutricional da alimentação em escolas de Realeza-PR

“…Em oito ocasiões os alimentos foram trocados por similares. Quanto aos demais dias, não foram seguidos conforme o cardápio proposto, fato esse que também foi verificado em pesquisa realizada por Neitzke et al 16 sobre adequação nutricional da alimentação escolar.…”

“…19 Em pesquisa que avaliou a oferta da alimentação escolar para alunos de 6 a 10 anos de idade em um município rural do Espírito Santo, a oferta de cálcio apresentou adequação de 55,4%, encontrando-se também abaixo da recomendação do PNAE, mas a oferta de Vitamina A ficou acima do recomendado (202,1% de adequação). 16 Durante a fase de crescimento, o suprimento adequado de cálcio é essencial no desenvolvimento ósseo, por isso a dieta deve ter quantidade suficiente desse nutriente. 17 Quanto à oferta de vitamina A, também não atingiu os parâmetros do PNAE em uma escola de Maringá-PR, com escolares de 1ª.…”

“…Neitzke et al também observaram que não havia padronização nas porções dos alimentos ofertadas aos alunos. 16 A Resolução nº. 26/MEC/FNDE/2013 ressalta a necessidade da diferenciação das porções, para a garantia das necessidades nutricionais dos alunos de acordo com a faixa etária em que se encontram.…”

Regional food dishes in the Brazilian National School Food Program: Acceptability and nutritional composition

“…The combination of cereal and legume, most commonly rice and beans, is also part of the Brazilian food tradition. In a study conducted in southeastern Brazil, the combination of rice and beans was the only preparation that appeared weekly in the school menu for five weeks 22 . A household budget survey conducted by the Brazilian government during the years 2008 and 2009 shows that 84.0% of the population consumes rice and 72.8% consumes beans daily 16 .…”

Viabilidade no atendimento às normas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e sua relação com custo dos cardápios

“…Several studies have assessed the suitability of the menus, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and demonstrated how difficult it is to design a menu that meet the program's nutritional requirements within the allowed budget [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The study "Nutritional composition of school meals in Brazil: an analysis of menu samples" assessed a sample of 1,064 menus from schools under the PNAE scheme, and highlighted inadequacies across all nutritional groups.…”