Adaptive Physical Education Model for Increasing Physical Fitness of Children With Intellectual Disability

Abstract

Children with intellectual disability have a weakness of motor skills, they tend to be less active. Minimal activity plays a major role in increasing the risk of overweight and obesity in children with intellectual disability. Overweight and obesity in children may increase the risk of various health problems and affect physical fitness. So this will worsen the physical abilities of children especially in mobility. Adaptive physical education is one of alternative way to solve the problems. This study aims to develop design model of adaptive physical education to increase physical fitness and descrease weight of children with intellectual disability. This study is one step of research development. This study through the preliminary stage, the initial model design and validation test by experts through discussion and suggestions written analyzed descriptively. The results of research are : a) physical fitness profile of children with intellectual disability are low and very low level, while body mass index (BMI) of the children is in the range 28-38 so categorized obesity level I and level II, b) the implementation of adaptive physical education in the school found many obstacles, so that the implementation is not optimal; c) design model of adaptive physical education consist of: assessment, determination of the program, implementation program, evaluation, and supporting factor.

Comparison of BMI Indicators in Participants in Special Olympics and Non-Sporty Children with Intellectual Disability

“…Czech children are not obese. Obesity is agreed upon by a number of foreign authors, according to which roughly 20-50% of children with ID have obesity [8,9,18,21,22].…”

“…The situation is similar for children with ID. Children and adolescents with ID are highly prone to obesity, and they often suffer from obesity of the first and second degree [8,9] and, compared to children without ID, they have far more health problems, which include autism, Down syndrome, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, motor problems, constipation, osteoporosis [10][11][12], delayed child development, speech problems, and behavioral problems [13].…”

Survei Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Adaptif SMPLB di Kabupaten Semarang

“…Cacat mental atau keterbelakangan mental berrati fungsi intelektual pada umumnya berada dibawah rata-rata, disertai dengan penyesuaian diri yang rendah selama periode perkembangan. Menurut Heryati & Ratnengsih (2017) ciri anak tunagrahita adalah menderita obesitas atau kelebihan berat badan, akibat asupan kalori yang berlebihan yang tidak bersamaan dengan penggunaan energi yang berlebihan atau kebiasaan bergerak yang kurang. 6.…”

Evaluation of Physical Fitness for Students with Mentally impaired Aged 10-12 years in Poso Regency, Sulawesi Tengah Province, Indonesia

“…Physical fitness is not only needed by normal humans in general, but it is also very much needed by students with special needs, for example, Mentally Impaired Students, so that they can increase their independence in the living of their daily lives and can even achieve certain sports achievement. Children who have disabilities, both physically and mentally disabled, tend to move a little or have low activity, so they will have more potential for obesity and have low physical fitness (Heryati and Ratnengsih, 2017). Mentally Impaired Students need a separate service pattern that is adjusted to their intellectual abilities which are below the average.…”