Adaptive Driving Cycles of EVs for Reducing Energy Consumption

Komorska, Iwona; Puchalski, Andrzej; Niewczas, Andrzej; Ślęzak, M.; Szczepański, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/en14092592

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The trend related to the development of electromobility fits perfectly into the above situation (Komorska et al, 2021). It is connected not only with the production of electric cars, but also with the development of small electric vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Metastable Conditions in a Three-Wheeled Bicycle with Variable Front Wheel Spacing

Ślęzak

Szczepański

Stasiak-Cieślak

et al. 2023

Transport and Telecommunication Journal

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The article concerns the problem of lateral stabilization of a tricycle with variable front wheel track. The vehicle can operate in two modes: with the front wheels folded out and connected. A bicycle designed for people with special needs. The element that requires elaboration is the stabilization while driving with the front wheels unfolded. In this mode, a metastable state is created. When the lateral angle of the slope exceeds the limit value, the lateral force causes the lateral tilt. This phenomenon should be treated as a disadvantage as it makes it difficult to smoothly tilt the bicycle, which can lead to disorientation of the rider and difficulty in maintaining balance. The article presents mathematical simulations that allow for the analysis of factors influencing the discussed phenomenon.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Metastable Conditions in a Three-Wheeled Bicycle with Variable Front Wheel Spacing

Ślęzak

Szczepański

Stasiak-Cieślak

et al. 2023

Transport and Telecommunication Journal

Self Cite

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“…A greater reliance on locally produced renewable sources of energy such as electricity produced from solar energy can be very relevant and important for investments and local self-sufficiency with electrical energy, particularly in Central and southern Mediterranean Europe, including in Slovenia [145][146][147][148]. An important factor in electricity markets and electricity consumption can be energy-saving strategies, policies, and practices [149][150][151].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electricity Markets during the Liberalization: The Case of a European Union Country

Bojnec

Križaj

2021

Energies

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This paper analyzes electricity markets in Slovenia during the specific period of market deregulation and price liberalization. The drivers of electricity prices and electricity consumption are investigated. The Slovenian electricity markets are analyzed in relation with the European Energy Exchange (EEX) market. Associations between electricity prices on the one hand, and primary energy prices, variation in air temperature, daily maximum electricity power, and cross-border grid prices on the other hand, are analyzed separately for industrial and household consumers. Monthly data are used in a regression analysis during the period of Slovenia’s electricity market deregulation and price liberalization. Empirical results show that electricity prices achieved in the EEX market were significantly associated with primary energy prices. In Slovenia, the prices for daily maximum electricity power were significantly associated with electricity prices achieved on the EEX market. The increases in electricity prices for households, however, cannot be explained with developments in electricity prices on the EEX market. As the period analyzed is the stage of market deregulation and price liberalization, this can have important policy implications for the countries that still have regulated and monopolized electricity markets. Opening the electricity markets is expected to increase competition and reduce pressures for electricity price increases. However, the experiences and lessons learned among the countries following market deregulation and price liberalization are mixed. For industry, electricity prices affect cost competitiveness, while for households, electricity prices, through expenses, affect their welfare. A competitive and efficient electricity market should balance between suppliers’ and consumers’ market interests. With greening the energy markets and the development of the CO2 emission trading market, it is also important to encourage use of renewable energy sources.

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“…A similar research approach needs to be applied in freight transport, and the data can be used not only to assess the cost effectiveness and to control the amount of emissions produced, but also for sound logistics management. A study by Komorovska et al presented the results of studies of simulated driving cycles and the performance of the algorithm when applied to real recorded driving cycles of an electric vehicle [44]. Possibilities of using a traction system consisting of a battery and a superconductor to increase the range based on processing topographic data on road gradients is dealt with in a paper by Hu et al [45].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle

et al. 2021

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The European Parliament has adopted Directive 2019/1161 on the promotion of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient road transport vehicles, which also defines the obligations and forms of support for the procurement of environmentally friendly vehicles in urban logistics. The increase in the number of shipments delivered within e-commerce, which is also the result of the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a transition to a sustainable logistics system. New research questions are being raised in the preparation of new projects for the introduction of small electric commercial vehicles in particular. One of the main research questions about deployment itself is whether light commercial electric vehicles are able to fully replace conventionally powered vehicles. What operating conditions are optimal for the operation of them? How does load weight affect the energy efficiency of operating a light commercial electric vehicle? The authors decided to carry out research into the impacts of weight and the nature of a driving cycle under laboratory conditions to eliminate all external factors that could distort individual measurements and their results. In order to simulate driving cycles, an urban driving cycle was designed on the basis of the course of speed, acceleration, deceleration and slope conditions of roads in the selected regional city of Žilina (Slovakia). In the case of the operation of an electrically powered light commercial vehicle, the impact of load weight on the range of the vehicle is low, and is below the level of the theoretical maximum range of the vehicle in urban logistics applications. The operation of electrically powered vehicles in hilly terrains with relatively longer gradients and steeper slopes increases electricity consumption and, thereby, reduces their range.

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Adaptive Driving Cycles of EVs for Reducing Energy Consumption

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Metastable Conditions in a Three-Wheeled Bicycle with Variable Front Wheel Spacing

Metastable Conditions in a Three-Wheeled Bicycle with Variable Front Wheel Spacing

Electricity Markets during the Liberalization: The Case of a European Union Country

Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle

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