Adaptation of Western Modern Concepts in Modern Korean Architecture in the Early Twentieth Century: Through the Perspective of Science, Efficiency, and Hygiene

Abstract

This research explores the characteristics of Korean early modern architecture in the early twentieth century. Modern Korean architecture experienced conflicts and continuities between tradition and modernity from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries. To evaluate these various influences, this article considers Korean early modern architecture through the perspective of such modern concepts as “science,” “efficiency,” and “hygiene.” These modern concepts emerged first in the West before the nineteenth century, and they played significant roles in constructing a modern society in the West and the East. By investigating how these modern concepts were adopted in Korea in the early twentieth century, this research scrutinizes not only individual architects such as Park Gilryong and Park Dongjin but also newly constructed buildings such as kwansa (official residences of Japanese ministries) and sat’aek (company housing), especially during the Japanese colonial period. Furthermore, this research goes beyond Korean architecture to encompass regional and cultural differences. This research enables early modern Korean architecture to find its identity through the approach of social and cultural contexts, and by comparison with Western architectural culture.

Research on the construction history and architectural characteristics of the Bugok Railway Official Residences in Sam-dong, South Korea

“…According to government construction records in the USA, over 400 companies related to prefabricated architecture flourished in 1947 due to being in high demand here (Graff, 1947, pp. 114–121; Seo, 2021a, pp. 137–138; Seo, 2021b, p. 283).…”

“…3–12). The mass production through the standardization and efficiency concept revealed in the official residences reflects the transition period from premodern to the modern times in Korean modern history (Seo, 2021a, p. 137).3) Other structural modifications…”