Adaptability of lettuce cultivars to planting in no-tillage on straw of Urochloa ruziziensis

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability of different lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars grown in no-tillage on straw of ruzi grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), as well as its effects on soil temperature and weed control, in successive cultivations in the summer. The treatments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, in a split-plot arrangement (2x4), in which soil management (no-tillage on ruzi grass and convention tillage) was the main plot, and the different crisphead lettuce cultivars (Amanda, Solaris, Vanda, and Vera), the subplots. No difference was observed between cultivars for soil management. No-tillage reduced the soil temperature by up to 3.7°C and weed density by 3.7 times, in comparison with conventional tillage. Ruzi grass promoted a greater bed conservation. In comparison to with conventional tillage, the no-tillage management of lettuce cultivated on ruzi grass straw resulted in a lower yield in the first crop due to excess straw; in a similar yield in the second crop; and in a greater yield in the third crop. Lettuce cultivated on ruzi grass straw in no-tillage management results in a greater sustainability, in comparison with conventional tillage, in three successive plantings.

Intercropping sorghum and grasses during off-season in Brazilian Cerrado

“…Thus, the higher light interception results in higher dry matter accumulation and growth indexes for the forage species, which is confirmed by the final dry matter production (Table 2), although in the off-season in the Cerrado there are limited conditions for the grasses to develop (Sato et al, 2017). Urochloa species have a high carbon/nitrogen ratio in their leaves and stems, a reason why they are interesting options for the production of straw (Andrade et al, 2017;Hirata et al, 2018).…”

“…Congo grass produced 5,620 kg ha -1 of dry matter as a sole crop and from 4,643 kg ha -1 to 4,947 kg ha -1 when intercropped with sorghum, which are considered high dry mass production levels (Ferreira et al, 2018;Hirata et al, 2018). Urochloa forage species tend to produce large amounts of dry matter in off-season crops in the Cerrado region (Carvalho et al, 2017).…”

Plantas de cobertura do solo para cultivo de alface em sucessão, sob sistema de plantio direto

“…Além desse fato, torna-se importante verificar as diferentes condições em que o cultivo é conduzido, principalmente em relação ao manejo praticado durante a condução da cultura, visando a máxima expressão do potencial produtivo e do retorno econômico CAMARA, 2018;VENDRUSCOLO et al, 2019).…”

“…Trabalhos com culturas olerícolas têm norteado pesquisas em busca de manejos que estabeleçam a sustentabilidade nos sistemas produtivos, o plantio direto aplicado à cultura da alface sobre plantas de cobertura é uma das técnicas que se alinham aos conceitos de sustentabilidade com resultados promissores, em que há, entre outras vantagens, o incremento do retorno financeiro ao produtor rural (VENDRUSCOLO et al, 2017;CAMARA, 2018;CECCONELLO et al, 2020).…”

Weed infestations in soybean grown in succession to cropping systems with sorghum and cover plants

“…There is still a lack of information on the effects of intercropping or crop-pasture systems (Hirata et al, 2018), especially concerning weed dynamics, and weed species resistant to some herbicides have been reported as one of the major problems in no-tillage areas. Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae are important weed plant families for Brazilian agriculture, and developed also resistant genotypes to the ALS and EPSPs inhibitor herbicides (Vargas et al, 1999), which are used as pre-emergence, post-emergence, and desiccants herbicides.…”