Acute Toxicity of Xylene on the African Catfish &lt;i&gt;Clarias gariepinus&lt;/i&gt;

Davies, I.C.; Erondu, E. S.; Hart, A. I.; Osuji, Leo C.

doi:10.4314/jasem.v23i7.10

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…New stock solution attributes while the watersoluble fraction (WSF) of the Diesel used was prepared using the standard method by Anderson et al and Orlu and Ogbalu, [12,13]. The Combination of both chemicals at a 50:50 ratio was prepared using the method described by Davies et al [7].…”

Section: Preparation Of a Working Stock Solution For Xylene And Dieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study has shown that there were noticeable behavioural changes observed at the different concentrations of the chemicals (Xylene: Diesel) which were below those concentrations that led to mortality. Toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms has also been reported to be affected by dissolved oxygen, size, age, water quality, and formulations of chemicals (Pandey et al, [59]) and death as reported by (Davies et al [9]).…”

Section: Responses Of C Gariepinus Exposed To the Combined Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mixture of diesel and xylene, as an aromatic solvent, has been a common remedy for surface pipelines, wellbore tubular, and especially near well bore cleaning operations, because other means of cleanup, such as heat, dispersants, pigging, scrapping, etc. cannot remove the organic materials like asphaltene or paraffin completely from the near-wellbore area [7]. These toxic chemicals are released into the aquatic body during the well stimulation and cleaning as organic deposits like asphaltene are removed [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, wellbore soaking is done by a mixture of diesel and xylene to remove the organic plugs in the petroleum production system thereby imposing a life threat to field staff and the environment through storage and flow back into the waste pit [6]. The introduction of these chemicals into the aquatic environment has resulted in modifications of the physicochemical parameters of water that have caused fish to kill and also affected other aquatic organisms in the wild [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major advantages of using data on behavioural response in a toxicological study is that they are more sensitive indicators of potential impacts on the survival of an organism in the field than are measures of deadliness [61]. Most indications from available data for fish suggest that behavioural effects of organic contaminants often occur more at a lower concentration to a higher order of magnitude lower than those found to cause death, [9]. As a result, it is believed that the use of information on behavioural toxicity in ecological risk assessments could be beneficial to the evaluation process, allowing for a considerable and more ecologically significant and preventive risk and exposure conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioural Toxicity of a Combined Oilfield Chemicals on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell 1822)

Davies

Uedeme-Naa²

2022

AJOB

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The toxicity of the combination of xylene and diesel at a 50:50 ratio on the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was investigated using a static bioassay for 96hrs. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the Physicochemical parameters of the experimental water after exposure for 24 hours among the different concentration gradients and the controlled unit. Although there was an increased variation along the concentration gradient observed after 96hours. The behavioral responses of the test fish from 24-96 hours of exposure show normal behavioral responses in the control. C. gariepinus exposed to 25 ml/l to 50 mg/l concentration of the toxicant showed normal behavior from 24 to 48 hours. Afterward, the fish that were active stopped swimming and remained static for a while in response to the sudden changes in the surrounding environment. Generally, fish exposed to higher concentrations such as 100 ml/l to 250 ml/l of the test chemicals showed progressive hyperventilation and abnormal behavior like gulping air, erratic swimming movement, very fast swimming, jumping, and displaying vigorous jerky movement suffocation, and loss of reflex. A faster operculum and tail beat movement was also observed with Spiraling. The behavioral responses increased significantly (P<0.05) with an increase in concentration per time as compared to the control group of fish. The noticeable behavioural difference was recorded for the different concentrations of the test chemical. An eco-friendly chemical that is within the acceptable limits recommended by WHO and DPR should be used in well stimulation and cleaning for sustainable biodiversity and a healthy aquatic environment.

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Section: Preparation Of a Working Stock Solution For Xylene And Dieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responses Of C Gariepinus Exposed To the Combined Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioural Toxicity of a Combined Oilfield Chemicals on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell 1822)

Davies

Uedeme-Naa²

2022

AJOB

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Ecotoxicity of commonly used oilfield-based emulsifiers on Guinean Tilapia (Tilapia guineensis) using histopathology and behavioral alterations as protocol

Chris,

Wokeh,

Téllez-Isaías

et al. 2024

Science Progress

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This study examined the histological aberrations in the gill and liver tissues and behavioural changes of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings exposed to lethal concentrations of used Oilfield-based emulsifiers for 96 h. Various concentrations of the surfactants were tested, ranging from 0.0 to 15.0 ml/L. The behaviour of the fish was observed throughout the experiment, and the results showed that increasing concentrations of the surfactants led to progressively abnormal behaviour, including hyperventilation and altered opercular beat frequency. These behavioural changes indicated respiratory distress and neurotoxic effects. Histological analysis revealed structural aberrations in the gill and liver tissues, with higher concentrations causing more severe damage, such as lesions, necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degeneration. This implies that surfactants released even at low concentrations are capable of inducing changes in the tissues of aquatic organisms. These findings highlight the toxic effects of the surfactants on fish health and provide biomarkers of toxicity. Future research should focus on understanding the specific mechanisms and long-term consequences of surfactant toxicity on fish genetic composition, populations, and ecosystems to implement effective conservation measures.

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Haematological and behavioral response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822) exposed to sub-lethal concentration of xylene

Chris¹,

Samuel²,

Akoko³

2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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The study was carried out to examine the haematological and behavioral response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0.0 ml/L (as control), 12.8 ml/ L, 25.59 ml/L, 38.39 ml/L, 51.19 ml/L, and 63.99 ml/L) of xylene using a renewable assay for 28 days. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) healthy Clarias gariepinus with a mean length of 15.20±2.3 cm and mean weight of 10.23±2.60 g was used for the experiment. Some physicochemical parameters such as temperature, conductivity, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total hardness and total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, ammonia and nitrate were monitored using standard procedures. These parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) across the concentration gradients with time. behavioral changes observed in C. gariepinus exposed to the different concentrations of xylene compared to the control includes increased erratic swimming, hyperactivity, decreased equilibrium status, increased jerky movement and decreased fin movement. There were significant dissimilarities (P<0.05) observed in haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, red blood cell counts, white blood cell and blood platelets of the Clarias gariepinus species on exposure to the toxicant from the control except for mean corpuscular volume and haemoglobin concentration PCV (24.5±0.33 to 20.8±0.06); HB (6.9±0.58 to 8.2±1.03); RBC (3.5±0.08 to 3.9±0.16); WBE (6.9±0.05 to 10.1±0.04); Platelet (168±1.45 to 214±0.05); MCHC (30.5±0.07 to 32.5±0.01); MCH (20.5±0.01 to 20.4±0.01) and MCV (59±0.07 to 62±0.02) respectively. In conclusion, xylene caused negative changes in the haematological indices and the behavioural pattern of C. garienpinus. Hence the need to focus efforts on ensuring a decrease in the discharge of xylene to water bodies.

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Acute Toxicity of Xylene on the African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Behavioural Toxicity of a Combined Oilfield Chemicals on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell 1822)

Behavioural Toxicity of a Combined Oilfield Chemicals on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell 1822)

Ecotoxicity of commonly used oilfield-based emulsifiers on Guinean Tilapia (Tilapia guineensis) using histopathology and behavioral alterations as protocol

Haematological and behavioral response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822) exposed to sub-lethal concentration of xylene

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