Acute morbidity and mortality in invertebrates and fish following exposure to potassium‐deficient saltwater

Hadfield, Catherine A.; Clayton, Leigh A.; Cohrs, D K; Murphy, Darby S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01379.x

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…1 demonstrated that feeding juvenile snapper an aquafeed fortified with 25-50 mg KCl kg −1 did not ameliorate for the direct transfer of fish into KDSGW. Within 20 h of transfer, juvenile snapper exhibited symptoms typical of those reported for K + deficiency [11,29] and several fish died before the experiment was terminated. Our observations are reflective of reports on teleosts where K + had been accidently omitted from artificial seawater [29] and mirror those reported by Fielder et al [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within 20 h of transfer, juvenile snapper exhibited symptoms typical of those reported for K + deficiency [11,29] and several fish died before the experiment was terminated. Our observations are reflective of reports on teleosts where K + had been accidently omitted from artificial seawater [29] and mirror those reported by Fielder et al [5]. Our results are consistent with studies on other euryhaline species such as mulloway [3] and Barramundi reared in KDSGW [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have indicated that extreme imbalances in the ionic composition of water effect hydromineral balance in fish and shrimp resulting in low survival and poor health [3,[26][27][28][29][30]. When a K + deficiency occurs, fish display symptoms such as poor growth, elevated food conversion ratio (FCR), anorexia, convulsions, tetany, and weakness or failure of skeletal, cardiac, and respiratory muscles [11,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fortification of an Aquafeed with Potassium Chloride Does Not Improve Survival of Juvenile Australian Snapper Pagrus auratus Reared in Potassium Deficient Saline Groundwater

Booth¹,

Fielder²

2016

Fishes

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This study was done to determine if fortification of a commercial aquafeed with KCl could improve the survival of juvenile Australian snapper Pagrus auratus reared in K + deficient saline groundwater (KDSGW; <5 mg K + L −1 ). Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) tested whether feeding an aquafeed fortified with zero, 25, or 50 g KCl kg −1 for 6 days affected feed intake and survival of fish transferred immediately from estuarine water to KDSGW of the equivalent salinity (20 g·L −1 ). Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) investigated whether an aquafeed fortified with zero, 10, or 25 g KCl kg −1 affected survival, feed intake, and growth rate (SGR) of snapper reared in KDSGW fortified to have 40% or 100% the [K + ] of equivalent salinity estuarine water (20 g·L −1 ). The results of Exp. 1 demonstrated there was no benefit of fortifying aquafeed with KCl; fish transferred into KDSGW stopped feeding and developed symptoms akin to tetany. Some individuals also died and others became moribund. Exp. 1 was terminated according to animal care and ethics guidelines. The results of Exp. 2 indicated the amount of KCl added to the aquafeed did not affect survival, feed intake, or food conversion ratio (FCR) of snapper, irrespective of water treatment. However, SGR and FCR was better when fish were reared in normal estuarine water and KDSGW fortified to have 100% the [K + ] of equivalent salinity estuarine water. Our results demonstrated that juvenile snapper were unable to utilize the KCl added to the aquafeed and were probably reliant on sequestering K + ions from the water column in order to maintain functions involving hydromineral homeostasis. Fortification of aquafeeds with KCl does not ameliorate the negative effects of KDSWG on the survival of juvenile snapper.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fortification of an Aquafeed with Potassium Chloride Does Not Improve Survival of Juvenile Australian Snapper Pagrus auratus Reared in Potassium Deficient Saline Groundwater

Booth¹,

Fielder²

2016

Fishes

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“…Potassium is a primary intracellular ion in aquatic animals Shiau and Hsieh, 2001) and plays a crucial role in acid-base balance, osmoregulation, maintaining membrane potentials (Hadfield et al, 2012) and the Na + /K + ATPase activity (Liu et al, 2014). Na + /K + ATPase, a sodium pump that is present in the gill membrane, transports Na + and Clions between the gill epithelial cells and haemolymph to maintain a stable osmoregulation in invertebrates (Charmantier et al, 1985;Mantel and Farmer, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early development of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) cultured in potassium-fortified inland saline water

Dinh

Fotedar

2016

Aquaculture

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The low potassium concentration in inland saline water (ISW) restrains the normal development of cultured marine organisms, and thus, possesses challenges for the development of ISW aquaculture. Therefore, assessing the effects of potassium fortification in ISW on the performance of cultured marine species is an important step to determine the feasibility of their culture in ISW. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of potassium fortification in ISW on the performance of early life stages of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis including fertilised eggs, trochophore, veliger and pediveliger larvae. These stages were reared in five different levels of potassium-fortified ISW, namely 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of potassium levels equivalent to the potassium level in ocean water (OW) and two controls namely, ISW at 27 ppt (ISW27) and OW at 25 ppt (OW25). The results showed that the higher levels of potassium in ISW, particularly with 100% K + fortification (ISW100K +), invariably improved the survival and size, and reduced the developmental stage interval and deformities of blue mussel larvae. Deformities, such as faulty cell cleavage, abnormal formation of trochophore larvae, protruding mantle in veliger larvae, and indented shell margin in veliger and in pediveliger, were observed when reared in any ISW. However, rearing in ISW did not result in any deformities in settlement larvae. The number of deformities was reduced at higher K + fortification levels, and there were no deformities in pediveliger larvae reared in ISW100K + and in OW. These results showed that K + fortification in ISW improves the performance of the rearing of the larval stages of the blue mussel.

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“…Amphibians do not drink, but instead absorb water and electrolytes transcutaneously. Therefore, environmental conditions that interfere with cutaneous sodium‐potassium pump function (e.g., pH), water composition (e.g., electrolyte concentrations) or skin disease might all be considered as possible contributors to electrolyte imbalances in captive frogs [Wells, ; Campbell et al, ; Hadfield et al, ]. One factor that will be considered in future investigation of this condition in EVACC frogs is the slightly acidic pH of facility water compared to the more neutral to slightly basic pH (6.5 to 8.5) recorded in limited sampling of A. zeteki habitat [Poole, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of mortality in anuran amphibians from an ex situ survival assurance colony in Panama

et al. 2014

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The success of ex situ survival assurance populations as tools for amphibian conservation depends on the health and reproductive success of founder populations. Necropsy examination and histopathology of animals that die in assurance populations are useful for the identification of population-limiting disease problems and can help to direct applied research efforts in areas such as amphibian husbandry and nutrition. This study reviewed postmortem findings in 167 frogs from 13 species that died in a large Panamanian rescue and survival assurance population between 2006 and 2011. Common problems identified in long-term captive animals, especially in Atelopus species, were epithelial squamous metaplasia suggestive of vitamin A deficiency and a polycystic nephropathy resembling lesions seen in laboratory animals with electrolyte imbalances. Metabolic bone disease was a significant contributor to morbidity in captive-bred juvenile frogs of Gastrotheca cornuta, Hemiphractus fasciatus, and Hylomantis lemur. Findings common to multiple species included poor overall nutritional condition that was sometimes attributable to maladaptation to captive husbandry and epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis possibly reflecting environmental skin irritation. Infectious diseases and endoparasitism were most common in recently captured animals and included chytridiomycosis and Rhabdias sp. lungworms. Applied research efforts to improve sustainability of survival assurance populations should focus on elucidating optimal husbandry practices for diverse species, improving methods for nutritional supplementation of cultured insects and examination of the role of water composition in disease development.

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Acute morbidity and mortality in invertebrates and fish following exposure to potassium‐deficient saltwater

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Fortification of an Aquafeed with Potassium Chloride Does Not Improve Survival of Juvenile Australian Snapper Pagrus auratus Reared in Potassium Deficient Saline Groundwater

Fortification of an Aquafeed with Potassium Chloride Does Not Improve Survival of Juvenile Australian Snapper Pagrus auratus Reared in Potassium Deficient Saline Groundwater

Early development of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) cultured in potassium-fortified inland saline water

Causes of mortality in anuran amphibians from an ex situ survival assurance colony in Panama

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