Early development of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) cultured in potassium-fortified inland saline water

Abstract

The low potassium concentration in inland saline water (ISW) restrains the normal development of cultured marine organisms, and thus, possesses challenges for the development of ISW aquaculture. Therefore, assessing the effects of potassium fortification in ISW on the performance of cultured marine species is an important step to determine the feasibility of their culture in ISW. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of potassium fortification in ISW on the performance of early life stages of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis including fertilised eggs, trochophore, veliger and pediveliger larvae. These stages were reared in five different levels of potassium-fortified ISW, namely 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of potassium levels equivalent to the potassium level in ocean water (OW) and two controls namely, ISW at 27 ppt (ISW27) and OW at 25 ppt (OW25). The results showed that the higher levels of potassium in ISW, particularly with 100% K + fortification (ISW100K +), invariably improved the survival and size, and reduced the developmental stage interval and deformities of blue mussel larvae. Deformities, such as faulty cell cleavage, abnormal formation of trochophore larvae, protruding mantle in veliger larvae, and indented shell margin in veliger and in pediveliger, were observed when reared in any ISW. However, rearing in ISW did not result in any deformities in settlement larvae. The number of deformities was reduced at higher K + fortification levels, and there were no deformities in pediveliger larvae reared in ISW100K + and in OW. These results showed that K + fortification in ISW improves the performance of the rearing of the larval stages of the blue mussel.

A Comparative Study on Growth and Metabolism of Eriocheir sinensis Juveniles Under Chronically Low and High pH Stress

“…Therefore, a comparative study on the metabolic response to pH stress is necessary to develop a strategy to prevent crab mortality and subsequent economic loss under a chronic low or high pH stress. Our motivation to investigate the response of crab to pH stress was due to the development of saline-alkali water aquaculture in island saline water, which has been practiced worldwide, including in Thailand, Brazil, China, Mexico, Ecuador, the United States, and Vietnam ( Dinh, 2015 ). However, most studies on crustacean aquaculture at low salinity are mainly focusing on shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei ( Wang et al, 2015 , 2017 ; Chen et al, 2019 ) and the cultivation of crabs has not been reported ( Roy et al, 2010 ).…”

Determination of Soil Salt Content Using a Probability Neural Network Model Based on Particle Swarm Optimization in Areas Affected and Non-Affected by Human Activities

“…Because soil salinization represents a severe threat to human survival and development, it has attracted worldwide attention. Several statistical investigations have shown that 9.55 × 10 8 hm 2 of soil is under threat of salinization across the globe [10,11]. This amounts to approximately 20% of the global total of arable land spread over more than 100 different countries.…”

“…This amounts to approximately 20% of the global total of arable land spread over more than 100 different countries. The area affected by secondary salinization is about 0.77 × 10 8 hm 2 and is growing at a rapid rate [10,11]. Traditional laboratory chemical analysis requires the excavation and collection of soil samples as well as transportation to a laboratory for analysis, which damages the soil, Moreover, this method is time consuming, labor intensive, and has a high testing cost [12][13][14][15].…”

Effects of Alkalinity and pH on Survival, Growth, and Enzyme Activities in Juveniles of the Razor Clam, Sinonovacula constricta

“…ISW aquaculture is now practiced worldwide, where it was inspired by the success of Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture in Thailand using a brine solution ( Roy et al, 2010 ), which expanded worldwide subsequently, including in Brazil, China, Ecuador, Mexico, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam ( Dinh, 2015 ). However, the cultivation of shellfish in ISW has been only reported sporadically, such as with Mytilus edulis ( Dinh and Fotedar, 2016 ), Haliotis laevigata ( Doupé et al, 2003 ), Trochus niloticus ( Lee, 1997 ), Crassostrea gigas , and Saccostrea glomerata ( Ingram et al, 2015 ).…”