Acute hepatitis B in infants born to carrier mothers with the antibody to hepatitis B e antigen

Shiraki, Kazuo; Yoshihara, Namiko; Sakurai, Michiro; Eto, Takashi; Kawana, Takashi

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80261-7

Cited by 103 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Developing refers to data from developing countries which are not in east Asia or sub-Saharan Africa (this term is also used in Tables 2-4) and includes 2 studies from India [69,70], and 1 each from Egypt [71], Indonesia [72] and Kuwait [73]. [68], and Japan [76]. Developing includes 2 studies from India [69,70], and 1 each from Egypt [71] and Kuwait [73].…”

Section: Modelling Hbv Infection Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly endemic areasr

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYThis paper uses meta-analysis of published data and a deterministic mathematical model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission to describe the patterns of HBV infection in high endemicity areas. We describe the association between the prevalence of carriers and a simple measure of the rate of infection, the age at which half the population have been infected (A50), and assess the contribution of horizontal and perinatal transmission to this association. We found that the two main hyper-endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa and east Asia have similar prevalences of carriers and values of A50, and that there is a negative nonlinear relationship between A50 and the prevalence of carriers in high endemicity areas (Spearman's Rank, P = 0 0086). We quantified the risk of perinatal transmission and the age-dependent rate of infection to allow a comparison between the main hyper-endemic areas. East Asia was found to have higher prevalences of HBeAg positive mothers and a greater risk of perinatal transmission from HBeAg positive mothers than sub-Saharan Africa, though the differences were not statistically significant. However, the two areas have similar magnitudes and agedependent rates of horizontal transmission. Results of a simple compartmental model suggest that similar rates of horizontal transmission are sufficient to generate the similar patterns between A50 and the prevalences of carriers. Interrupting horizontal transmission by mass immunization is expected to have a significant, nonlinear impact on the rate of acquisition of new carriers.

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Section: Modelling Hbv Infection Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…o-' = 1-0. [14,48,49,75,77], 2 from Hong Kong [66,78], and 1 each from Japan [76] and Thailand [68]. Developed includes 4 surveys from India [69,70,79,80], and 1 each from Egypt [71], and Kuwait [73].…”

Section: Modelling Hbv Infection Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly endemic areasr

et al. 1996

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“…Some of them, however, contract acute HBV infection with or without clinical symptoms (5,6). Although infrequently, fulminant hepatitis B develops in babies born to asymptomatic camer mothers (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), and anti-HBe in sera of implicated mothers has attracted increasing attention (1 1 -13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus Mutants with Precore-Region Defects in Two Babies with Fulminant Hepatitis and Their Mothers Positive for Antibody to Hepatitis B e Antigen

et al. 1991

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ABSTRACT. Clones of hepatitis B virus (HBVIndividuals infected with HBV have HBsAg, representing the viral envelope, in the circulation. In addition, they have either HBeAg, which is closely related to the viral nucleocapsid (I), or anti-HBe. The presence of HBeAg or anti-HBe in the serum is significant for the immunopathologic status of hosts and also for the biology of HBV infecting them (2).Perinatal HBV infection, resulting in a persistent camer state of babies, is transmitted by camer mothers who are positive for HBeAg (3, 4). Most babies born to them harbor HBV without symptoms; some develop a spectrum of hepatic disease ranging from chronic hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma later in their lives.

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“…Without immunoprophylaxis, perinatal transmission from highly infectious (HBeAgpositive) hepatitis B carrier mothers results in chronic infection in 90% of their infants (Stevens et al 1975). In contrast, only 5% of infants of HBeAg-negative HBsAg carrier mothers become chronic carriers and a small fraction may develop acute or fulminant hepatitis B (Shiraki et al 1980;Chang et al 1987). Among 2-to 4-yrold toddlers, 25% will become chronic carriers (Beasley et al 1982).…”

Section: Transmission Route Of Hbv and Outcomes Of Hbv Infection At Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Hepatitis B

Chang

Chen

2015

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes life-threatening liver disease. It is transmitted through a horizontal route or a mother-to-infant route, and the latter is the major route in endemic areas. Prevention of HBV infection by immunization is the best way to eliminate HBV-related diseases. The HBV vaccine is the first human vaccine using a viral antigen from infected persons, which is safe and effective. Either passive immunization by hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) or active immunization by HBV vaccine is effective, and a combination of both yields the best efficacy in preventing HBV infection. The impact of universal HBV immunization is huge, with 90%-95% effectiveness in preventing chronic HBV infection. It is the first cancer preventive vaccine with a protective efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of 70%. Nevertheless, further effort is still needed to avoid vaccine failure and to increase the global coverage rate.

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Acute hepatitis B in infants born to carrier mothers with the antibody to hepatitis B e antigen

Cited by 103 publications

References 6 publications

Epidemiological patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly endemic areasr

Epidemiological patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly endemic areasr

Hepatitis B Virus Mutants with Precore-Region Defects in Two Babies with Fulminant Hepatitis and Their Mothers Positive for Antibody to Hepatitis B e Antigen

Prevention of Hepatitis B

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