Acute febrile hepato-renal dysfunction in the tropics: co-infection of malaria and leptospirosis

Baliga, K.V.; Yanamandra, Uday; Sood, Vivek; Nagpal, AK

doi:10.1007/s10156-011-0220-7

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Other LEP coinfection cases have been documented [21] and have even been associated with severe sepsis [46]. We found an association between LEP coinfection with aminotransferases elevation and thrombocytopenia previously described [47,48]. In Latin America, LEP/malaria coinfections are rarely reported, but high clinical suspicion must prevail since a late diagnosis could increase morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

High Prevalence of viral and bacterial coinfections in malaria in Venezuela

Forero‐Peña¹,

Mora²,

Rodríguez

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Malaria remains a significant public health problem worldwide. Simultaneous infections with other pathogens complicate its diagnosis and can also change the clinical course of the disease. The similarities in the clinical presentation of malaria and other infections and the superimposed endemicity result in underdiagnosis of coinfections and increase mortality. No studies have focused on the presence of coinfections in patients with malaria in Venezuela. Methods Between June and November 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with malaria who presented to any of the three reference medical centers in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. A clinical and laboratory evaluation searching for coinfections with Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Viral Hepatitis (VH) (A, B, and C), and Leptospirosis (LEP) was performed using ELISA to test each patient. Results We studied a total of 161 patients of whom 106 (65.8%) presented P. vivax infection, 43 (26.7%) P. falciparum, and 12 (7.5%) had mixed malaria infections. Coinfections were found in 55/161 (34.2%) patients and were more frequent in patients with P. falciparum (48.8%) than in those with P. vivax (29.2%), or mixed infection (25%) [OR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.39–4.25; p = 0.018]. The most prevalent coinfection was with DENV (14.9%), followed by HAV (11.8%), HBV (6.2%), CHIKV (5.5%), and LEP (3.7%). Coinfection with HCV was absent. Complicated malaria was significantly more frequent in coinfected individuals (56.4%) than those without coinfection (35.8%) [OR: 2.31; 95% CI = 1.18–4.92; p = 0.013]. Conclusion We found a high prevalence of coinfections in patients with malaria in this region, which was related to a worse outcome. Further prospective studies with samples at different points of infection and the use of molecular tools are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

High Prevalence of viral and bacterial coinfections in malaria in Venezuela

Forero‐Peña¹,

Mora²,

Rodríguez

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Thus, it is essential to investigate for these diseases even in patients who are confirmed to have leptospirosis. [11][12][13] Thus, the aim of our study was to discover the epidemiological and clinical pattern of disease occurrence in suspected cases of leptospirosis (using Modified Faine's criteria 2012) and to search for any existing co-infections with other common pathogens prevailing in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varied presentations of leptospirosis: experience from a tertiary care hospital in north India

et al. 2017

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Leptospirosis has been recognised as an emerging global public health problem. The aim of our study was to explore the epidemiological and clinical pattern of disease occurrence in suspected cases and to search for any existing co-infections. Ours was a retrospective study in patients with acute febrile illness in north India over a period of three years (April 2011 to June 2014). Serological diagnosis of leptospirosis was made using the PanBio IgM ELISA kit. Using modified Faine's criteria, presumptive and possible diagnosis was made in 57% and 34% cases, respectively. Most of the affected population was resident in north and central India. Nineteen patients showed co-infection with other common pathogens prevailing locally. There is a need to increase awareness and understand the local sero-epidemiological pattern of leptospirosis so that timely preventive and curative action may be taken by healthcare authorities.

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“…Also, a few case reports of co-infection of malaria with leptospirosis have been recently published. 1–4 Both malaria and leptospirosis are infectious diseases worldwide and are endemic, especially in the tropics. We report three cases of co-infection of malaria with leptospirosis during the rainy season, which required admission to the ICU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical manifestations of co-infection with malaria and leptospirosis

et al. 2011

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Though both malaria and leptospirosis are frequent in the tropics, co-infections are under-recognized due to overlapping of clinical features. Here, we reviewed clinical manifestations of published co-infection along with our three cases. Out of a total of 18 patients, nine patients (50%) required ICU admission. Almost all patients had prodromal symptoms in the form of fever, headache and myalgia. Seven patients (37%) had altered sensorium, three patients (17%) had hypotension at admission, and 11 patients (61%) had acute kidney injury (AKI). Pulmonary manifestations in the form of pulmonary bleeding were present in four cases (22%). Three (17%) patients had acute lung injury/ acute respiratory distress syndrome. Almost 55% patients had DIC in the form of altered prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and low fibrinogen level. Four patients (22%) had subconjuctival suffusion, two of them had haematuria, while one presented with nasal bleeding. All patients had altered liver function tests. Of all the 18 patients, 17 (94%) survived, while one died.

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Acute febrile hepato-renal dysfunction in the tropics: co-infection of malaria and leptospirosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

High Prevalence of viral and bacterial coinfections in malaria in Venezuela

High Prevalence of viral and bacterial coinfections in malaria in Venezuela

Varied presentations of leptospirosis: experience from a tertiary care hospital in north India

Clinical manifestations of co-infection with malaria and leptospirosis

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