Acute Effects of Static, Dynamic, and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Muscle Power in Women

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of 3 types of stretching-static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)-on peak muscle power output in women. Concentric knee extension power was measured isokinetically at 60 degrees x s(-1) and 180 degrees x s(-1) in 12 healthy and recreationally active women (mean age +/- SD, 24 +/- 3.3 years). Testing occurred before and after each of 3 different stretching protocols and a control condition in which no stretching was performed. During 4 separate laboratory visits, each subject performed 5 minutes of stationary cycling at 50 W before performing the control condition, static stretching protocol, dynamic stretching protocol, or PNF protocol. Three submaximal warm-up trials preceded 3 maximal knee extensions at each testing velocity. A 2-minute rest was allowed between testing at each velocity. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that none of the stretching protocols caused a decrease in knee extension power. Dynamic stretching produced percentage increases (8.9% at 60 degrees x s(-1) and 6.3% at 180 degrees x s(-1)) in peak knee extension power at both testing velocities that were greater than changes in power after static and PNF stretching. The findings suggest that dynamic stretching may increase acute muscular power to a greater degree than static and PNF stretching. These findings may have important implications for athletes who participate in events that rely on a high level of muscular power.

Positive Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Sports Performance: A Review

“…Acute effects were studied in 4 of these studies and chronic effects in 4 of them. There were positive effects in 2 of the studies (Handel et al 1997, Rees et al 2007, null effect in 6 of them (Young & Elliott 2001, Manoel et al 2008, Place et al 2013, Reis et al 2013, Minshull et al 2014, Konrad, Gad & Tilp 2015, (Table 2). …”

The Relationship between Hip Extension Force Measured by Using a Hand-held Dynamometer and the Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility

“…During PNF stretching, the ROM is increased by the autogenic inhibition of the stretched muscle as a result of the stimulation of the Golgi tendon organ due to the increased tension (Moore et al, 1980;Bae SS 1993;Yuktasir et al, 2009). Many studies have demonstrated that motor pool excitability was significantly decreased by the PNF technique when compared with static stretching; this inhibitory effect enables effective muscle stretching without stimulating the stretch reflex (Etnyre 1986a;Manoel et al, 2008).…”

Efeito agudo dos exercícios de flexibilidade no desempenho de força máxima e resistência de força de membros inferiores e superiores

“…Alguns estudos mostram melhora no desempenho desses testes (YAMAGUCHI e ISHII, 2005;LITTLE e WILLIAMS, 2006;McMILLIAN et al, 2006;MANOEL et al, 2008), outros demonstram uma diminuição (NELSON et al, 2001; TRICOLI e PAULO, 2002;FLETCHER e JONES, 2004;CRAMER et al, 2005;WALLMANN et al, 2005;YAMAGUCHI et al, 2006;WINKE et al, 2010) ou mesmo nenhuma alteração (CHURCH et al, 2001;NOGUEIRA et al, 2010).…”