Acute Arsenic Intoxication from Environmental Arsenic Exposure

Franzblau, Alfred; Lilis, Ruth

doi:10.1080/00039896.1989.9935912

Cited by 89 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Inorganic As has a special affinity for hair and other keratin-rich tissues, and measurements of As levels in these tissues may be a useful indicator of past exposure. According to Choucair and Ajax (1988) and Franzblau and Lilis (1989), As levels of 1 ppm or less in the hair and nails can be considered to be normal levels. This threshold is also assumed by ATSDR (2000).…”

Section: Arsenic At Santana Amapámentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic occurrence in Brazil and human exposure

Figueiredo

Borba

Angélica

2007

Environ Geochem Health

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Environmental exposure to arsenic (As) in terms of public health is receiving increasing attention worldwide following cases of mass contamination in different parts of the world. However, there is a scarcity of data available on As geochemistry in Brazilian territory, despite the known occurrence of As in some of the more severely polluted areas of Brazil. The purpose of this paper is to discuss existing data on As distribution in Brazil based on recent investigations in three contaminated areas as well as results from the literature. To date, integrated studies on environmental and anthropogenic sources of As contamination have been carried out only in three areas in Brazil: (1) the Southeastern region, known as the Iron Quadrangle, where As was released into the drainage systems, soils and atmosphere as a result of gold mining; (2) the Ribeira Valley, where As occurs in Pb-Zn mine wastes and naturally in As-rich rocks and soils; (3) the Amazon region, including the Santana area, where As is associated with manganese ores mined over the last 50 years. Toxicological studies revealed that the populations were not exposed to elevated levels of As, with the As concentrations in surface water in these areas rarely exceeding 10 microg/L. Deep weathering of bedrocks along with formation of Fe/Al-enriched soils and sediments function as a chemical barrier that prevents the release of As into the water. In addition, the tropical climate results in high rates of precipitation in the northern and southeastern regions and, hence, the As contents of drinking water is diluted. Severe cases of human As exposure related to non-point pollution sources have not been reported in Brazil. However, increasing awareness of the adverse health effects of As will eventually lead to a more complete picture of the distribution of As in Brazil.

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Section: Arsenic At Santana Amapámentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic occurrence in Brazil and human exposure

Figueiredo

Borba

Angélica

2007

Environ Geochem Health

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“…In addition, As can also have detrimental effects on the peripheral nervous system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and central nervous system (CNS) [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Epidemiological studies have shown that As causes impairment in hearing, learning, memory, and concentration [12][13][14][15][16] and pattern memory and switching attention were affected by long-term accumulative exposure to As. The contamination of As can affect children's cognitive development [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and early life arsenic exposure induced oxidative damage and altered activities and mRNA expressions of neurotransmitter metabolic enzymes in offspring rat brain

Shi

Guo

et al. 2010

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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To better understand the effect of arsenic on central nervous system by prenatal and early life exposure, the oxidative stress and neurotransmitter metabolic enzymes were determined in offspring rats' brain cortex and hippocampus. Forty-eight pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups, each group was given free access to drinking water that contained 0, 10, 50, and 100 mg/L NaAsO(2) from gestation day 6 (GD 6) until postnatal day 42 (PND 42). Once pups were weaned, they started to drink the same arsenic (As)-containing water as the dams. The level of malondialdehyde in 100 mg/L As-exposed pup's brain on PND 0 and cortex on PND 28 and 42 were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels showed a clear decreasing trend in pup's cortex and hippocampus on PND 42. Activity of acetylcholinesterase was significantly higher in 100 mg/L As-exposed pup's hippocampus than in control group on PND 28 and 42. mRNA expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD(65) and GAD(67)) in 100 mg/L As-exposed pup's cortex or hippocampus on PND 28 and 42 were significantly higher than in control (p < 0.05). These alterations in the neurotransmitters and reduced antioxidant defence may lead to neurobehavioral and learning and memory changes in offspring rats.

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“…Chronic arsenic toxicity is mostly manifested in weight loss, capricious appetite, conjunctively and mucosal erythematic lesion including mouth ulceration and reduce milk yield. Acute toxic effects include abdominal cramping, hyperesthesia in extremities, abdominal patellar reflexes and abdominal electrocardiogram (Franzblau and Lilis, 1989). Such effects generally occur at the levels of exposure equal to 50µg/kg weight/day.…”

Section: Classification Of Heavy Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%