Activity, Reactivity, and the Behavior-Directing Properties of Stimuli

Tapp, Jack T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-683650-9.50011-x

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In support of this interpretation, Shelton and Beardsley (2005) have recently shown that omission of response-contingent stimuli during testing abolishes stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats with limited access to the drug (2 h/day). Whether the permissive effect of response-contingent cues on reinstatement depends on mere sensory reinforcement (ie, Berlyne, 1969;Tapp, 1969;Gomer and Jakubczak, 1974) and/or drug conditioning is unknown at present. Nevertheless, in view of this effect, it is possible that drug-induced reinstatement is crucially dependent on response-contingent cues in ShA rats but becomes independent of these cues in LgA rats after the transition to compulsive drug use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the absence of response-contingent stimuli. This within-session reinstatement procedure allowed one to measure the priming or reinstating effects of the drug, without the potential confounding influence of unconditioned and/or conditioned sensory reinforcement (eg, Berlyne, 1969;Tapp, 1969;Gomer and Jakubczak, 1974;Robbins and Koob, 1978). The sensitization hypothesis predicts that LgA rats should be more responsive than ShA rats to both the psychomotor and priming effects of cocaine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heroin-Induced Reinstatement is Specific to Compulsive Heroin Use and Dissociable from Heroin Reward and Sensitization

Lenoir¹,

Ahmed²

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Increased drug availability can precipitate a rapid transition to compulsive drug use in both vulnerable humans and laboratory animals. Recent studies have shown that despite equivalent levels of psychomotor sensitization, only rats with prolonged, but not limited, access to cocaine self-administration respond to the priming effects of cocaine on drug seeking, as measured in a within-session reinstatement model of drug craving. In this model, drug seeking is first extinguished and then reinstated by non-contingent presentations of the drug alone in the absence of response-contingent stimuli. Here, we assessed the generality of this observation in rats with daily short (1 h, ShA) vs long access (6 h, LgA) to i.v. heroin self-administration. As expected, heroin intake by LgA rats (n ¼ 24) increased over time to become excessive compared to heroin intake by ShA rats (n ¼ 24). After escalation, LgA rats tended to be less sensitive to heroin-induced locomotion (7.5-30 mg, i.v.) than ShA rats. In contrast, only LgA rats, not ShA rats, responded to the priming effects of heroin, as measured by the ability of heroin alone (7.5-30 mg, i.v.) to reinstate extinguished drug-seeking behavior. Finally, during the course of heroin intake escalation, a large proportion of LgA rats developed self-injury (mostly targeting the nails and digit tips of the forepaws), a negative consequence not seen in ShA rats. This study reproduces and extends previous research on compulsive cocaine use by showing that heroin-induced reinstatement is also specific to compulsive drug use and dissociable from heroin-induced reward and psychomotor sensitization. Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 32, 616-624.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heroin-Induced Reinstatement is Specific to Compulsive Heroin Use and Dissociable from Heroin Reward and Sensitization

Lenoir¹,

Ahmed²

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…, faster run time closer to the goal, may be an "artifact" of competing behavior (King, 1959;Marx & Brownstein, 1963 (Bruce, 1937;Crespi, 1942;Hull, 1934), and that a sharp goal gradient returns 13 early in extinction (Hull, 1934;Miller & Miles, 1935 on behavior (Brown, 1961;Campbell & Cicala, 1962;Petrinovich & Bolles, 1954;Tapp, 1969), which is implicit in Hull's (1943) "big D," generalized drive; (b) that all reinforcers operate in the same way in all learning situations (Seligman, 1970;Shettleworth, 1972;Teitelbaum, 1966). These assumptions have been borne out in many situations for thirsty animals performing for water (e. g. , Jenkins & Arnold, 1968;Kintsch, 1962; McCoy Marx, 1965;Skinner, 1938;Weinstock, 1958;Zimmerman, 1971) (Logan & Spanier, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, in an alleyway study using thirsty rats, Kintsch (1962) Kintsch (1962). that competing behavior does occur throughout training for thirsty rats (Bindra, 1963;McCoy & Marx, 1965 Petrinovich & Bolles, 1954;Shettleworth, 1972;Tapp, 1969 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of the behavior of rats running to reward and nonreward in an alleyway ...

Kello¹

1973

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A Critique of the Methods Available for the Measurement of Spontaneous Motor Activity

Robbins

1977

Handbook of Psychopharmacology

175

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Activity, Reactivity, and the Behavior-Directing Properties of Stimuli

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Heroin-Induced Reinstatement is Specific to Compulsive Heroin Use and Dissociable from Heroin Reward and Sensitization

Heroin-Induced Reinstatement is Specific to Compulsive Heroin Use and Dissociable from Heroin Reward and Sensitization

Observation of the behavior of rats running to reward and nonreward in an alleyway ...

A Critique of the Methods Available for the Measurement of Spontaneous Motor Activity

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