A Critique of the Methods Available for the Measurement of Spontaneous Motor Activity

Robbins, Trevor W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4214-4_2

Cited by 175 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The index of variability shown in all cases was the standard deviation. For the attentional set-shifting task, data in the form of frequencies (the number of subjects passing or failing at each stage of the test) were case in contingency tables and analysed using likelihood ratio analysis (Robbins 1977). This method is useful for analysing data with small cell frequencies and is distributed as 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Amphetamine and Heroin Abusers

Ornstein

Iddon

Baldacchino

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

387

291

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Amphetamine and Heroin Abusers

Ornstein

Iddon

Baldacchino

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

387

291

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“…In the case of repeated measures designs (e.g., the Tower of London test), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA; SPSS) was used, and the two factors were age group and difficulty. For the attentional set shifting task, the numbers of participants succeeding and failing to reach criterion at each of the nine stages of the test were cast into contingency tables and analyzed using a likelihood ratio analysis (Kullback, 1968;Robbins, 1977) which allows the use of small cell frequencies, the resulting statistic, 2i, being distributed as chi squared. In order to compute the relationship between the strategy score on the spatial working memory task and the main index of memory performance, the between-search errors score, Pearson's correlation coefficient, r, was used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in a large sample of normal volunteers: Implications for theories of executive functioning and cognitive aging

Robbins

James

Owen

et al. 1998

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

538

371

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Several tests from the CANTAB neuropsychological test battery previously shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction were administered to a large group of normal volunteers (N 5 341) ranging in age from 21 to 79 years. The main tests included a computerized form of the Tower of London test of planning, a self-ordered spatial working memory task, and a test of attentional set formation and shifting. A computerized form of the Corsi spatial span task was also given. Age-related graded declines in performance were seen, sometimes in a discontinuous manner, especially for the attentional set shifting task (at the extradimensional shift stage). Patterns of deficits reminiscent of frontal lobe or basal ganglia damage were observed in the oldest age group (74-79). However, overall the data were only partially consistent with the hypothesis that frontal lobe functions are the most sensitive to effects of aging. Factor analyses showed that performance in the executive tests was not simply related to a measure of fluid intelligence, and their performance had a factor loading structure distinct from that for the CANTAB tests of visual memory and learning previously administered to the same sample. Finally, only limited support was found for the hypothesis that cognitive aging depends on slowed information processing. (JINS, 1998, 4, 474-490.)

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“…A variety of different concepts have been applied to the interpretation of aspects of unconditioned motor behavior of rodents in an open field, including arousal, novelty seeking, diversive and inspective exploration, anxiety, stereotypy, and perseveration (Eilam and Golani 1989,Geyer 1990,Geyer et al 1986, Golani et al 1993, Lat 1965, Sanberg et al 1985, Szechtman et al 1985. (Drai and Golani 2001,Eilam and Shefer 1997,Ossenkopp et al 1996,Robbins 1979. Some of these approaches were based on observer ratings, while others have attempted to automate the entire measurement process.…”

Section: The Complex Conceptual Basis Of Locomotor Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an extensive review of the open field test, Walsh and Cummins suggest the open field elicits affective components of behavior such as fear and excitability (Walsh and Cummins 1976). Numerous investigators have recognized the necessity for analyses of multivariate profiles and/or spatio-temporal patterns of motor activity and proposed different approaches to quantify the various components of open field behavior (Drai and Golani 2001,Eilam and Shefer 1997,Ossenkopp et al 1996,Robbins 1979. Some of these approaches were based on observer ratings, while others have attempted to automate the entire measurement process.…”

Section: The Complex Conceptual Basis Of Locomotor Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

A reverse-translational approach to bipolar disorder: Rodent and human studies in the Behavioral Pattern Monitor

Young

Minassian

Paulus

et al. 2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

106

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Mania is the defining feature of Bipolar Disorder (BD). There has been limited progress in understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of BD mania and developing novel therapeutics, in part due to a paucity of relevant animal models with translational potential. Hyperactivity is a cardinal symptom of mania, traditionally measured in humans using observer-rated scales. Multivariate assessment of unconditioned locomotor behavior using the rat Behavioral Pattern Monitor (BPM) developed in our laboratory has shown that hyperactivity includes complex multifaceted behaviors. The BPM has been used to demonstrate differential effects of drugs on locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in rats. Studies of genetically engineered mice in a mouse BPM have confirmed its utility as a cross-species tool. In a "reverse-translational" approach to this work, we developed the human BPM to characterize motor activity in BD patients. Increased activity, object interactions, and altered locomotor patterns provide multidimensional phenotypes to model in the rodent BPM. This unique approach to modeling BD provides an opportunity to identify the neurobiology underlying BD mania and test novel antimanic agents. KeywordsBipolar Disorder; mania; locomotor activity; exploratory; rat; mouse; Behavioral Pattern Monitor; Open Field; hyperactivity Modeling BD maniaBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 2-7% of the general population (Friedman et al. 2006). Mania is the defining feature of BD although patients can also manifest depressive symptoms. During the manic episodes of BD, patients exhibit impulsive behavior, hypersexuality, pressured speech, flight of ideas, and motor hyperactivity, which have been conceptualized as inhibitory failures of behavior and thought (Goodwin and Jamison 1990). These symptoms profoundly impair and disrupt social, occupational, and family life in individuals with BD (Post et al. 2003). Despite the prevalence of this disorder, surprisingly few studies (Franks et al. 1983,Gooding and Tallent 2001,Murphy et al. 1999, have attempted to develop adequate translational models to elucidate the neurobiology * Correspondence should be sent to: Martin P. Paulus, M.D. Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, California, 92093-9116 Phone: (858) Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeurosci Biobehav Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 January 1. Published in final edited form as:Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007 ; 31(6): 882-896. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manu...

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A Critique of the Methods Available for the Measurement of Spontaneous Motor Activity

Cited by 175 publications

References 87 publications

Profiles of Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Amphetamine and Heroin Abusers

Profiles of Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Amphetamine and Heroin Abusers

A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in a large sample of normal volunteers: Implications for theories of executive functioning and cognitive aging

A reverse-translational approach to bipolar disorder: Rodent and human studies in the Behavioral Pattern Monitor

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