Activity of Pradofloxacin against Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. Implicated in Periodontal Disease in Dogs: Susceptibility Test Data from a European Multicenter Study

Abstract

Collaborating veterinarians from five European countries collected subgingival bacterial samples from dogs exhibiting clinical periodontal disease. Sterile endodontic paper points were used for collection of the samples, which were transported to a central laboratory for susceptibility testing. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated and Porphyromonas and Prevotella isolates identified to the species level; susceptibility to pradofloxacin and metronidazole was determined using the CLSI agar dilution methodology. A total of 630 isolates, 310 of Porphyromonas spp. and 320 of Prevotella spp., were isolated. Pradofloxacin MIC data for all isolates were in the range of <0.016 to 1 g/ml, the overall MIC 50 was 0.062, and the overall MIC 90 was 0.25 g/ml. There were no differences in activity against Porphyromonas and Prevotella isolates or in the pradofloxacin susceptibility distributions from the different European countries. All isolates were within the wild-type distribution and were fully susceptible to pradofloxacin. Metronidazole was also highly active against these strains: 316 of 320 Prevotella strains (98.8%) and 309 of 310 Porphyromonas strains (99.7%) were susceptible (MICs of <8 g/ml). However, three Prevotella strains had intermediate metronidazole susceptibility (MICs of 16 g/ml), while one Prevotella and one Porphyromonas strain were metronidazole resistant (MICs of 128 and 256 g/ml, respectively). Pradofloxacin, a novel broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, demonstrates a high degree of antianaerobic activity against strains isolated from clinical cases of periodontal disease and shows activity against metronidazole-resistant isolates. The broad-spectrum activity of pradofloxacin makes it a suitable candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease in dogs.

Susceptibility of canine and feline bacterial pathogens to pradofloxacin and comparison with other fluoroquinolones approved for companion animals

“…and Prevotella spp. from periodontal disease in dogs (Stephan et al, 2008), Bartonella henselae from cats (Biswas et al, 2010), E. coli isolated from extraintestinal infections in dogs (Gibson et al, 2010), as well as rapidly growing mycobacteria and Nocardia isolates from cats and dogs (Govendir et al, 2011). However, there is limited knowledge on the pradofloxacin susceptibility status of fastgrowing aerobic bacteria, including the target pathogens, which play an important role in various infections of dogs and cats (Abraham et al, 2002;Stephan et al, 2006;Silley et al, 2012).…”

Dental Biofilm as Etiological Agent of Canine Periodontal Disease

“…The tooth most commonly lost is the first premolar, followed by the other premolars and molars, where severe periodontitis is frequently found [34]. Periodontitis is a serious infection that can have medical consequences such as anorexia and weight loss, chronic pain, swollen gums, dental caries, breakage or loss of teeth and breakage of the maxillary or mandibular bone [35]. Unfortunately, the damage from periodontal disease is not confined to just loss of teeth.…”

“…Although there is sufficient evidence that biofilm accumulation and maturation is essential for initiation and progression of periodontal disease, studies show that bacterial species colonizing periodontal pocket have different roles in the pathogenesis of this disease [36]. Microbial density is considered to be critical for the development of gingivitis, and some types of chronic periodontitis, while the species of the microorganisms may be of greater importance in the initiation of aggressive periodontitis [35]. Subgingival microbiota in periodontitis may contain hundreds of bacterial species, but only a small number is associated with disease progression, and is considered to be of importance etiologically [37].…”

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and therapeutics of pradofloxacin in the dog and cat

“…and Mycobacterium spp.) (Abraham et al, 2002;Wetzstein & Ochtrop, 2002;de Jong & Bleckmann, 2003;Stephan et al, 2003aStephan et al, , 2005Stephan et al, , 2008de Jong et al, 2004;Silley et al, 2007). MIC 90 values for pradofloxacin against feline and canine pathogens are presented for EU, German and USA isolates in Table 3.…”