Susceptibility of canine and feline bacterial pathogens to pradofloxacin and comparison with other fluoroquinolones approved for companion animals

Schink, Anne‐Kathrin; Kadlec, Kristina; Hauschild, Tomasz; Michael, Geovana Brenner; Dörner, Julia; Ludwig, Carolin; Werckenthin, Christiane Susanne; Hehnen, Hans-Robert; Stephan, Bernd; Schwarz, Štefan

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.08.001

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Other ad hoc studies focused on the susceptibility to fluoroquinolones confirm the high susceptibility of Past. multocida to several fluoroquinolones (Schink et al 2013;Kroemer et al 2014). Our results were also in accordance with ongoing surveys in Germany and Sweden (GERM-Vet 2017; SWEDRES/SVARM, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A similar picture was found for feline E. coli: a range from 54Á6 (ampicillin) up to 86Á4% (amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and tetracycline), except higher Grobbel et al (2007) reported that E. coli from RTI of dogs/cats were also found to be poorly susceptible to ampicillin and similar results were observed for cephalothin as compared to our study. Resistance to fluoroquinolones ranged in several studies between 7 and 18% (Grobbel et al 2007;Schink et al 2013;Morrissey et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from dogs and cats with respiratory tract infections in Europe: ComPath results

Moyaert¹,

Jong²,

Simjee³

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims To present antimicrobial susceptibilities for bacteria from dogs and cats with respiratory tract infection (RTI) across Europe in 2013–2014 and compare with data from 2008–2010. Methods and Results Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for 464 isolates following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards using antibiotics approved for RTI treatment. Where possible, susceptibility was calculated using predominantly human‐derived breakpoints whilst some antibiotics had no breakpoints. The main pathogen from dogs was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius which was > 90% susceptible to fluoroquinolones and oxacillin (92·5%; six isolates confirmed mecA‐positive) and 53·8, 80·0 and 88·8% susceptible to tetracycline, penicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also present in dog RTI. Streptococci were fully susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and pradofloxacin. None were enrofloxacin‐resistant but 31·4% had intermediate susceptibility. The least active agent against streptococci was tetracycline (51·4% susceptible). For E. coli, 90·9% were amoxicillin/clavulanic acid‐susceptible; susceptibility to other compounds ranged from 63·6 to 81·8%. There are no breakpoints for B. bronchiseptica and Ps. aeruginosa. For Staph. aureus, penicillin susceptibility was low (34·8%); for other compounds 87·0–100%. The main RTI pathogen from cats was Pasteurella multocida, where only pradofloxacin has breakpoints (100% susceptible). Susceptibility of coagulase‐negative staphylococci ranged from 66·7% (penicillin) to 97·2% (pradofloxacin). Streptococci from cats were 100% susceptible to all antibiotics except enrofloxacin and tetracycline (both 65·2% susceptible). Conclusions Overall, antimicrobial resistance was low to medium in RTI in dogs and cats, although susceptibility varied widely among pathogens studied. Significance and Impact of the Study Responsible use of antibiotics is crucial to maintain susceptibility and continued resistance monitoring is important to support this goal. These findings support the need for the setting of RTI‐specific breakpoints for pathogens of dogs and cats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from dogs and cats with respiratory tract infections in Europe: ComPath results

Moyaert¹,

Jong²,

Simjee³

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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show abstract

“…C max /MIC and AUC 24 /MIC ratios were calculated for the label dose of pradofloxacin 3 mg/kg based on MIC 90 -values published by Schink et al (2013) [12] for the bacteria specified in the Veraflox SPC, i.e. Staphylococcus (pseud)intermedius , Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida (Table 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial concentrations following application of 3 and 6 mg/kg pradofloxacin were always above the MIC 90 values for most relevant target bacteria which - in context with the proven post-antibiotic effect of pradofloxacin [14,21] confirmed the efficacy of the chosen dosing interval. The maximal drug concentration of pradofloxacin in the ISF (C max μg/ml: 1.55 ± 0.31 for the dose 3 mg/kg exceeded 12.9 to 103.3-fold the MIC 90 values of 0.015 to 0.12 for the SPC bacterial pathogens Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius [12]. PK/PD integrated models link drug concentrations to their activity on bacterial pathogens [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic study on pradofloxacin in the dog – Comparison of serum analysis, ultrafiltration and tissue sampling after oral administration

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPradofloxacin, a newly developed 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone, show enhanced activity against Gram-positive organisms and anaerobes to treat canine and feline bacterial infections. The purpose of this cross-over study was to measure the unbound drug concentration of pradofloxacin in the interstitial fluid (ISF) using ultrafiltration and to compare the kinetics of pradofloxacin in serum, ISF and tissue using enrofloxacin as reference.ResultsAfter oral administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg) and pradofloxacin (3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively), serum collection and ultrafiltration in regular intervals over a period of 24 h were performed, followed by tissue sampling at the end of the third dosing protocol (pradofloxacin 6 mg/kg). Peak concentrations of pradofloxacin (3 mg/kg) were 1.55±0.31 μg/ml in the ISF and 1.85±0.23 μg/ml in serum and for pradofloxacin (6 mg/kg) 2.71±0.81 μg/kg in the ISF and 2.77±0.64 μg/kg in serum; both without a statistical difference between ISF and serum. Comparison between all sampling approaches showed no consistent pattern of statistical differences.ConclusionsDespite some technical shortcomings the ultrafiltration approach appears to be the most sensitive sampling technique to estimate pharmacokinetic values of pradofloxacin at the infection site. Pharmacokinetics – Pradofloxacin – Ultrafiltration – Dog – Oral Administration.

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“…These included Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae. MIC values for canine and feline isolates of some of these pathogens range from 0.03 to 0.25 mg/L (Popova & Todorov, 2008;Schink et al, 2013). Additionally, the enrofloxacin susceptibility breakpoint for common feline and canine dermal, respiratory, and urinary pathogens, including canine Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp., is ≤0.5 mg/L (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2008), hence the required enrofloxacin dose for treating chlamydiosis is likely to be similar to that required for some of these pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of enrofloxacin use in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) via population pharmacokinetics andMonteCarlo simulation

Black

Landersdorfer

Bulitta

et al. 2013

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Clinically normal koalas (n = 6) received a single dose of intravenous enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg). Serial plasma samples were collected over 24 h, and enrofloxacin concentrations were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed in S-ADAPT. The probability of target attainment (PTA) was predicted via Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) using relevant target values (30-300) based on the unbound area under the curve over 24 h divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (fAUC0-24 /MIC), and published subcutaneous data were incorporated (Griffith et al., 2010). A two-compartment disposition model with allometrically scaled clearances (exponent: 0.75) and volumes of distribution (exponent: 1.0) adequately described the disposition of enrofloxacin. For 5.4 kg koalas (average weight), point estimates for total clearance (SE%) were 2.58 L/h (15%), central volume of distribution 0.249 L (14%), and peripheral volume 2.77 L (20%). MCS using a target fAUC0-24 /MIC of 40 predicted highest treatable MICs of 0.0625 mg/L for intravenous dosing and 0.0313 mg/L for subcutaneous dosing of 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin every 24 h. Thus, the frequently used dosage of 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin every 24 h subcutaneously may be appropriate against gram-positive bacteria with MICs ≤ 0.03 mg/L (PTA > 90%), but appears inadequate against gram-negative bacteria and Chlamydiae in koalas.

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Susceptibility of canine and feline bacterial pathogens to pradofloxacin and comparison with other fluoroquinolones approved for companion animals

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from dogs and cats with respiratory tract infections in Europe: ComPath results

Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from dogs and cats with respiratory tract infections in Europe: ComPath results

Pharmacokinetic study on pradofloxacin in the dog – Comparison of serum analysis, ultrafiltration and tissue sampling after oral administration

Evaluation of enrofloxacin use in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) via population pharmacokinetics andMonteCarlo simulation

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