Activity, adsorption and mobility of three acetanilide and two new amide herbicides

Vasilakoglou, Ioannis; Eleftherohorinos, Ilias G.; Dhima, Kico

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00256.x

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The magnitude of this effect increased with increasing application rates on both soils. This is in agreement with results obtained by Vasilakoglou & Elefeherohorinos (1997), as well as Vasilakoglou et al (2001) in their work with oats. working with starch encapsulated alachlor, rather than polymeric encapsulated alachlor, found less activity on a silty loam soil, indicating that this is a general phenomenon with the microencapsulated formulations.…”

Section: Seedling Survivalsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The difference in activity between the two soils was marked, as can be seen from Figures 1 to 3, despite a lower alachlor application rate being used on the lighter soil (1.536 versus 1.92 kg ai ha -1 as per label instructions). This was possibly due to the increased clay and organic material colloids found in the sandy loam soil, and concurs with findings of Peter and Weber (1985) and Vasilakoglou et al (2001). Clay content is presently the only norm used for differential herbicide application rates on different soils in South Africa.…”

Section: Seedling Survivalsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Effect of microencapsulated alachlor on South African sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) cultivars

Allemann

Ceronio

2009

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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The microencapsulated formulation of alachlor is becoming increasingly popular for use on sunflower in South Africa, where it is registered for use at a rate of 1.54 to 1.92 kg ai ha -1. Some injury symptoms, apparently herbicide induced, have been observed on sunflower where this herbicide has been applied in the field. The response of 22 commercially available sunflower cultivars was tested in a glasshouse experiment using both a sand (10% clay, 0.24% C) and a sandy loam soil (20% clay, 0.52% C). Five rates of alachlor (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 times the recommended application rate for each of these soils) were applied and leached into the soil after planting. At harvest plant height, above-ground biomass and seedling survival rate were determined. Results indicated that cultivars differed with respect to alachlor tolerance, but that behaviour was modified by soil type. All effects were far more pronounced on the sandy soil, despite a lower recommended application rate. Plant height was affected by increasing application rate to a far greater degree than dry mass. Although the application rate for this herbicide was lower on the sandy soil, plant growth was significantly reduced at the recommended rate of application for this soil (1.536 kg ai ha -1 ). Seedling survival rates were reduced at the recommended application rate on both soils, although the effect was far more pronounced on the sand soil. The results indicated that despite the lower recommended application rate of microencapsulated alachlor on sandy soils a far greater degree of herbicide damage to sunflower can be expected on these soils due to increased availability to crop roots. These findings in part explain some of the problems found on sunflower where this formulation of alachlor has been applied.

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Section: Seedling Survivalsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Seedling Survivalsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of microencapsulated alachlor on South African sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) cultivars

Allemann

Ceronio

2009

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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“…Alachlor é considerado de moderada solubilidade e mobilidade, além de baixa adsorção, apresentando grande potencial de lixiviação. A sorção de herbicidas cloroacetamidas no solo, como o alachlor, depende da matéria orgânica no solo (Vasilakoglou et al, 2001;Ferri et al, 2005). Quando aplicado em solo com baixos teores de matéria orgânica e argila, pode resultar em menor atividade residual, mesmo com emprego de doses elevadas, devido à perda por lixiviação (Rodrigues & Almeida, 2005;Inoue et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…No entanto, quando está totalmente disponível na solução do solo, o controle inicial poderá ser mais efetivo, até mesmo com doses reduzidas do herbicida, apesar de ser maior o potencial de lixiviação e, consequentemente, o período residual ser mais curto. Nesse sentido, alguns estudos demonstram que o comportamento sortivo dos herbicidas apresenta correlação significativa com os teores de matéria orgânica, argila e CTC do solo (Vasilakoglou et al, 2001;Peñaherrera-Colina, 2005;Firmino et al, 2008;Jaremtchuk et al, 2009 Falk et al (2006), em solo franco-siltoso e com 2,2% de matéria orgânica, verificaram controle de 93% de A. rudis com aplicação em pré-emergência de oxyfluorfen, na dose de 560 g i.a ha -1 . Este herbicida tem como característica ser fortemente adsorvido, e a adsorção tende a aumentar com o incremento dos teores de matéria orgânica e argila (Rodrigues & Almeida, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Atividade residual de herbicidas aplicados ao solo em relação ao controle de quatro espécies de Amaranthus

et al. 2010

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RESUMO -Herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência normalmente apresentam atividade residual no solo, controlando os primeiros fluxos germinativos das plantas daninhas e prevenindo a matocompetição inicial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o período de atividade residual proporcionado por doses de herbicidas suficientes para o controle pontual de 95% (C 95 ) das espécies Amaranthus hybridus, A. lividus, A. spinosus e A. viridis, além de avaliar doses recomendadas desses herbicidas. O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em solo de textura franco-argiloarenosa (20% de argila e 1,9 de matéria orgânica), e as doses dos herbicidas alachlor, diuron, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prometryne, oxyfluorfen, S-metolachlor, trifluralin 450 e trifluralin 600 foram aplicadas aos 30, 20, 10 e 0 dias antes da semeadura das plantas daninhas. Avaliou-se o controle das plantas daninhas após a permanência dos herbicidas no solo por períodos de 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias depois da aplicação dos tratamentos (DAA). A atividade residual de alachlor e prometryne, na dose C 95 , não foi suficiente para o controle eficiente (≥80%) das espécies por períodos de até 30 DAA. Quanto ao alachlor, o emprego da dose recomendada não se refletiu em aumento considerável da atividade residual, exceto em relação a A. viridis. A dose recomendada de prometryne proporcionou controle eficiente das espécies até 30 DAA, exceto de A. hybridus. A dose recomendada de oxyfluorfen controlou eficientemente A. hybridus e A. spinosus até 30 DAA, espécies estas que não haviam sido eficientemente controladas pela dose C 95 . Trifluralin 450 promoveu controle residual eficiente de 30 DAA somente em relação a A. hybridus. Trifluralin 600 foi eficiente no controle de A. hybridus e A. viridis até os 30 DAA e até 29 e 28 DAA para A. lividus e A. spinosus, respectivamente. Clomazone não promoveu controle eficiente das espécies até 30 DAA, exceto de A. viridis. Diuron, pendimethalin e S-metolachlor foram eficientes para todas as espécies até 30 DAA, em ambas as doses, demonstrando atividade residual consistente para o solo estudado.Palavras-chave: algodão, caruru, planta daninha, pré-emergência.ABSTRACT -Herbicides applied at pre-emergence normally present residual activity in the soil, controlling the first weed germinations, and preventing initial weed competition. The aim of this study was to determine the period of residual activity provided by sufficient herbicide rates for 95% (C95) control of the species Amaranthus hybridus, A. lividus, A. spinosus and A. viridis, and to assess the recommended rates of these herbicides. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in soils of sandy clay loam texture (20% clay and 1.9 of organic matter, with rates of alachlor, diuron, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prometryne, oxyfluorfen, S-metolachlor, trifluralin 450 and trifluralin 600 being applied at 30, 20, 10 and 0 days before weed sowing. Weed control was evaluated after herbicide permanence in soil for 0, 10, 20 and 30 days after application (DAA). The residual activi...

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“…Thus, the adsorption and the residual period depend on the physicochemical characteristics of each product, such as Koc and t1/2. In the case of diuron, for example, the molecules of this herbicide are sorbed by organic matter and also by clay and, for this reason, a suitable dose is highly dependent on the soil characteristics (Vasilakoglou et al, 2001). …”

Section: Wet Season -Clay Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Época seca e textura do solo afetam o controle químico de Senna obtusifolia em cana-de-açúcar

et al. 2015

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-Because of its intrinsic characteristics, sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) has gained importance in sugarcane, especially where there is a predominance of straw after mechanical harvest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preemergence herbicides used in sugarcane to control sicklepod in different soil textures and application timings. Two experiments were carried out for each application season (dry and wet), and one experiment for each soil textural class (clay and sandy clay loam), totaling four experiments. The treatments consisted in 17 herbicides in the wet season and 11 herbicides in the dry season (all herbicides were applied at 50 and 100% of the recommended dose) and a check without application for each season and soil, and the design was completely randomized. Soil texture and application timing have altered the herbicide efficacy. For the wet season, initially, all herbicides, except trifluralin and smetolachlor, resulted in satisfactory control of sicklepod. Tebuthiuron was the herbicide that provided the longest period of residual control. For the dry season, amicarbazone, flumioxazin, hexazinone, imazapic, [diuron + hexazinone] F1 and isoxaflutole were efficient in both soils, but only in initial evaluations; [diuron + hexazinone] F1 and amicarbazone were the herbicides that provided the longest period of residual control. Keywords: residual control; preemergence; sicklepod; herbicides Resumo -Devido às suas características intrínsecas, o fedegoso (Senna obtusifolia) tem ganhado importância em canaviais, principalmente onde há predomínio de palhada após a colheita mecânica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de herbicidas pré-emergentes utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar no controle de fedegoso em solos de diferentes texturas e épocas de aplicação. Foram realizados dois experimentos para cada época de aplicação (seca e úmida), sendo um para cada classe textural de solo (muito-argiloso e franco-argilo-arenoso), totalizando quatro experimentos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 17 herbicidas na época úmida e 11 herbicidas na época seca (todos os herbicidas foram aplicados em 50 e 100% da dose recomendada), além da testemunha sem aplicação para cada época e solo, sendo o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. O

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Activity, adsorption and mobility of three acetanilide and two new amide herbicides

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of microencapsulated alachlor on South African sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) cultivars

Effect of microencapsulated alachlor on South African sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) cultivars

Atividade residual de herbicidas aplicados ao solo em relação ao controle de quatro espécies de Amaranthus

Época seca e textura do solo afetam o controle químico de Senna obtusifolia em cana-de-açúcar

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