Active and Passive Distraction in Children Undergoing Wound Dressings

Nilsson, Stefan; Enskär, Karin; Hallqvist, Carina; Kokinsky, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2012.06.003

Cited by 64 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The first three studies in Table 4 examined different interventions during wound dressing procedures in pediatric burn patients. Interventions that were based on distraction (i.e., Ditto intervention, Multimodal Distraction, and Serious gaming) were more effective than standard care and another intervention (i.e., lollipops) in reducing pain (measured by combined tools) (30,38,40) and distress (38,40). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other seven articles were published in different countries. With regard to the methodological designs of the studies, 14 (61%) of the articles were RCTs (27–40), 7 (30%) used a cross-sectional design (41–47) and 2 (9%) used a cohort design (48,49). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen studies (61%) included children of preschool and school age (3-12 years old) (28–30,32,34,36,38,40,41,43,44,47,48,50), and 9 (39%) included infants (0-2 years old) (31,33,35,37,39,42,45,46,49). The majority of the studies assessed acute pain during medical procedures (n=20, 87%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All conformed with at least 60% of the CONSORT and STROBE statements. Of the 14 RCTs that were analyzed according to the CONSORT statement, 6 conformed with 60-70% of the items (31,33,36,37,39,41), 1 conformed with 70-80% of the items (35), and 7 conformed with >80% of the items (28–30,32,34,38,40). These results indicate that the studies reviewed herein had high methodological quality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain and distress outcomes in infants and children: a systematic review

Oliveira

Gaspardo

Linhares

2017

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The aim of the present study was to systematically review the recent literature about pain and distress outcomes in children and critically analyze the methodological quality of the reports. The systematic review was based on the PRISMA statement and performed by selecting articles that are indexed in scientific databases. The methodological quality of reports was examined using STROBE statement, for observational studies, and CONSORT statement, for randomized controlled trials. The PedIMMPACT consensus was used to evaluate the psychometric quality of pain instruments. We analyzed 23 empirical studies, including 14 randomized controlled trials, seven cross-sectional studies, and two studies with cohort designs. Fourteen studies included preschool- and schoolchildren, and nine studies included infants. Regarding studies with infants, pain responses were evaluated by heart rate, crying and behavioral observation scales, and distress was evaluated only by salivary cortisol. Four-handed care and sensorial saturation interventions were used to evaluate efficacy to reduce pain and distress responses. Concerning studies with children, both pain and distress responses were evaluated by self- and hetero-reports, behavioral observation and/or physiological measures. Distraction was effective for reducing pain and distress during burn dressing changes and needle procedures, and healing touch intervention reduced distress and pain in chronic patients. All of the studies scored at least 60% in the methodological quality assessment. The pain outcomes included measures of validity that were classified as well-established by the PedIMMPACT. This systematic review gathers scientific evidence of distress-associated pain in children. Pain and distress were measured as distinct constructs, and their associations were poorly analyzed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain and distress outcomes in infants and children: a systematic review

Oliveira

Gaspardo

Linhares

2017

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Professionals should use different treatment strategies for every child, i.e., an individual combination of pharmacological substances and complementary methods that include psychological, social, and physical strategies such as physiotherapy (Nilsson, Enskär, Hallqvist, & Kokinsky, 2013;Penner, Xie, Binepal, Switzer, & Fehlings, 2013). As orally administered medication does not always reduce pain in children with CP, alternatives could be implemented with other types of medication, such as continuous intrathecal baclofen (CITB) therapy (Vles et al, 2013) or botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A; Williams et al, 2013).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Professionals’ Perceptions about the Need for Pain Management Interventions for Children with Cerebral Palsy in South African School Settings

Nilsson

Johnson

Adolfsson

2016

Pain Management Nursing

Self Cite

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Background: Pain is common in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and may have negative consequences for children's success in their studies. Research has shown that pain in childhood negatively influences individuals' participation and quality of life in later years.Aim: This study investigated how professionals in South African school settings respond to children's need for pain management in an attempt to enable the children to be active participants in school activities, despite their pain. Design:The study was descriptive and followed a qualitative design, i.e. focus group interviews with semi structured questions and a conventional content analysis. Data, in terms of professional statements on the topic, were collected from five focus group sessions conducted during one week. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Similar statements were combined, coded, and sorted into main categories and subcategories.Results: The analysis identified three main categories for pain management: environmental, treatment, and support strategies. In addition, four groups of statements emerged on how contextual factors might affect pain in children with CP and their participation in school settings.

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Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children

Lambert

Boylan

Boran

et al. 2020

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) computer technology creates a simulated environment, perceived as comparable to the real world, with which users can actively interact. The e ectiveness of VR distraction on acute pain intensity in children is uncertain. ObjectivesTo assess the e ectiveness and adverse e ects of virtual reality (VR) distraction interventions for children (0 to 18 years) with acute pain in any healthcare setting. Search methodsWe searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and four trial registries to October 2019. We also searched reference lists of eligible studies, handsearched relevant journals and contacted study authors. Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs), including cross-over and cluster-RCTs, comparing VR distraction to no distraction, non-VR distraction or other VR distraction. Data collection and analysisWe used standard Cochrane methodological processes. Two reviewers assessed risk of bias and extracted data independently. The primary outcome was acute pain intensity (during procedure, and up to one hour post-procedure). Secondary outcomes were adverse e ects, child satisfaction with VR, pain-related distress, parent anxiety, rescue analgesia and cost. We used GRADE and created 'Summary of findings' tables. Main resultsWe included 17 RCTs (1008 participants aged four to 18 years) undergoing various procedures in healthcare settings. We did not pool data because the heterogeneity in population (i.e. diverse ages and developmental stages of children and their di erent perceptions and reactions to pain) and variations in procedural conditions (e.g. phlebotomy, burn wound dressings, physical therapy sessions), and consequent level of pain experienced, made statistical pooling of data impossible. We narratively describe results.We judged most studies to be at unclear risk of selection bias, high risk of performance and detection bias, and high risk of bias for small sample sizes. Across all comparisons and outcomes, we downgraded the certainty of evidence to low or very low due to serious study limitations and serious or very serious indirectness. We also downgraded some of the evidence for very serious imprecision. Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children (Review)

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Active and Passive Distraction in Children Undergoing Wound Dressings

Cited by 64 publications

References 32 publications

Pain and distress outcomes in infants and children: a systematic review

Pain and distress outcomes in infants and children: a systematic review

Professionals’ Perceptions about the Need for Pain Management Interventions for Children with Cerebral Palsy in South African School Settings

Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children

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