Active aging and pension reform: The gender implications in France

Abstract

In the first section of this article, the authors, Christel Gilles and Antoine Parent, argue that in France, public policy and the pension system provide financial incentives favoring early retirement. The implementation of "bridge jobs" to facilitate the transition from full employment to full retirement, could, in theory, lessen the long-term decline in employment rates of men and women. Gilles and Parent, in the second section, question the idea that rising labor force participation rates among women are adequate to narrow pension inequalities between men and women. Regarding this point, we also note that since women's careers are generally shorter than men's and their labor income remains, on average, lower, an increase in female labor force participation would lead, in an occupational-based system, to a substitution effect between direct and indirect entitlements. The impact of this effect on pension gender inequalities remains uncertain. In the third section, the authors examine, from a gender perspective, other pension reform options that may, in theory, provide greater gender equality, but that are, in practice, far from the implementation phase.Christel Gilles is an economist, Matisse, University of Paris 1--Sorbonne. Antoine Parent is an associate professor of economics at the University of Paris 8, and researcher at MATISSE, University of Paris 1--Sorbonne. This appendix is a contracting form of the presentation done by Mahieu and Walraet (2002), pp. 3-6.