Action-perception patterns in virtual ball bouncing: Combating system latency and tracking functional validity

Morice, Antoine H.P.; Siegler, Isabelle; Bardy, Benoît G.

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.11.020

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Yet almost all of the abovecited VR studies did not report even a general type of information of the operative total loop time. It is quite likely that the delay of the total loop times may lead to serious difficulties in controlling a tracked device (such as the catching hand), as studies of the effects of delays have demonstrated (e.g., Miall & Jackson, 2006;Morice, Siegler, & Bardy, 2008;Vercher & Gauthier, 1992;Wildzunas, Barron, & Wiley, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The effects of factors such as total loop time, however, are task-specific as well (cf. Morice et al, 2008). For example, total loop times and limitations in the field of view have a different effect on running than on fast reaching.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thus, one would like to compare behavior in VR with that outside of VR, and find enough resemblance in behavior to trust that results obtained in VR can safely be generalized to real-world tasks (cf. Morice et al, 2008;Zaal & Michaels, 2003). This type of comparison is not simple, and has to happen within the constraints of performing studies in VR as well as outside VR.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Virtual Reality as a Tool for the Study of Perception-Action: The Case of Running to Catch Fly Balls

Zaal

Bootsma

2011

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

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Virtual reality (VR) holds great promise for the study of perception-action. The case of studying the outfielder problem is presented as an example of how VR has contributed to our understanding of perception-action, and of the potential and pitfalls of using VR in such a task. The outfielder problem refers to the situation in a baseball game (and analogous situations) in which an outfielder has to run to get to the right location at the right time to make a catch. Several experimental studies are discussed in which participants had to intercept real or virtual balls. The biggest added value of using VR is the fact that the virtual world is completely in the hands of the experimenter, which allows studying situations that do not exist outside of VR, thus enabling strong hypothesis testing. A number of factors related to the success of the VR experiments are identified, such as the lack of haptic feedback in VR setups used in this paradigm until now, the specifics of the optics presented to the participants, and the available space for locomotion. We argue that it is important to make a close comparison of task behavior in VR with that outside of VR, but conclude having great expectations of the role of VR in perception-action research. IntroductionIn this contribution we address the potential of virtual reality technologies to contribute to the elucidation of the behavioral control strategies underlying perception-action coupling. Because control strategies are task specific (Bootsma, 1998;Warren, 1988) we focus on a particular type of problem: moving so as to intercept a ball before it hits the ground. This paradigmatic problem not only exemplifies the ongoing theoretical debate on how our interactions with dynamic environments are organized, but also boasts a significant body of past and current experimental research, using both real and computer-generated environments. While the discussion is limited to the particular problem under scrutiny, it allows the potential and pitfalls of using virtual reality (VR) to emerge within the setting of a well-identified scientific problem.Observation of behavior under ''natural'' conditions allows checking whether the observed behavior is compatible with the predictions that can be made from a particular hypothesis. This kind of reality check is not only useful but also necessary if we want to ascertain that experimentation in a particular (laboratory) setting generalizes to the terrain of natural behavior. However, as we shall argue

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Virtual Reality as a Tool for the Study of Perception-Action: The Case of Running to Catch Fly Balls

Zaal

Bootsma

2011

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

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“…The sensor was fixed on the backside of the physical racket while the transmission base of this device (serving as a space reference) was fixed to a stand so that they directly faced each-other. The signal was sent to custom-written experimental software (see [35] for more details) in the host computer. From the in-line position of the physical racket, the software computed the position of a “virtual racket”, which was materialized by a horizontal bar (0.20 m wide ×0.025 m high) and displayed on the screen using a video projector (Epson EH-TW 450, 3LCD, 50 Hz).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The software also computed the position of a “virtual ball” (diameter = 0.04 m) and its interactions at impact with the racket trajectory. The end-to-end visual latency between the physical and the virtual racket motion was 29.78±1.07 ms (see [35] for more details). Therefore participants were able to control the virtual racket motion by manipulating the physical racket in order to “virtually” hit the ball.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Changes in a Rhythmic Ball-Bouncing Task Occur at Age 7 Years

Bazile

Siegler

2013

PLoS ONE

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The aim of the study was to investigate the development of a rhythmical skill of children aged from 5 to 12 years old. Five age groups (5–6, 7–8, 9–10, 11–12, and young adults) performed a virtual ball bouncing task (16 forty-second long test trials). Task performances, racket oscillation, ball-racket impacts as well as the ball-racket coupling were analysed. The results showed a change in both performance and behaviour at the age of 7 years old. Before this age, children exhibited restricted perceptual-motor coordination with a high frequency of racket oscillation and a poor level of performance. After the age of 7, cycle-to-cycle adaptive coordination based on visual information was progressively acquired leading to increasing performance levels with age. Overall these results revealed a rapid change in capability to perform the ball bouncing task across age with a late emergence of the required coordination and significant change in the coordination at the age of 7.

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Visuomotor control of steering: the artefact of the matter

Cloete

Wallis

2011

Exp Brain Res

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Previous behavioural research (Land and Horwood in Nature 377:339-340, 1995) indicates that surprisingly little visual information is required to effect smooth and accurate steering through a curving roadway. Based on results from a driving simulator study, Land and Horwood reported that viewing the roadway through two horizontal apertures, one degree of visual angle in height, can result in steering performance which is indistinguishable from that obtained with the whole scene visible. The position of the apertures in the visual field, they claimed, is crucial; higher up leads to less accurate but more stable steering responses, whilst lower down leads to jerky steering but more accurate lane-keeping. These findings are consistent with a two-stage model of steering control proposed by Donges in Human Factors 20:691-707 (1978). However, in a driving simulator, the temporal lag between the input signal received from a control device and the output presented on the display can have profound effects on steering behaviour. In two experiments, we show that the effect of aperture position on steering accuracy and stability is pronounced when a slow frame update rate is used (7.2 Hz, as used by Land and Horwood in Nature 377:339-340, 1995), but largely attenuated with a faster update rate (72 Hz). These results are consistent with the broader empirical literature dealing with temporal delays in manual tracking, and urge a critical reappraisal of the behavioural evidence for the two-stage steering model.

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Action-perception patterns in virtual ball bouncing: Combating system latency and tracking functional validity

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Virtual Reality as a Tool for the Study of Perception-Action: The Case of Running to Catch Fly Balls

Virtual Reality as a Tool for the Study of Perception-Action: The Case of Running to Catch Fly Balls

Major Changes in a Rhythmic Ball-Bouncing Task Occur at Age 7 Years

Visuomotor control of steering: the artefact of the matter

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