Action of estradiol on the hermaphroditism induced by testicular graft in the female chick embryo

Effects and Role of Estrogens in Avian Gonadal Differentiation

“…Estradiol treatment of the hosts prevented the effects of the testicular grafts; whether this results from direct preservation of the host gonads by the estrogen or from inhibition of the grafts is not yet clear. Three possible factors provided by the testicular grafts and antagonized by estradiol could be involved: androgens, H-Y antigen or anti-Mullerian hormone [49].…”

Involvement of oestrogens in sexual differentiation of gonads as a function of temperature in turtles

“…The greffon action was counteracted by injecting oestradiol into the eggs whereas tamoxifen enhanced its masculinizing effect [22,36,371. The authors suggest a possible role of anti-Miillerian hormone (AMH), which is secreted at the stage of differentiation of the grafted testis and has provoked a complete regression of the Miillerian ducts [37]. It has been shown that AMH inhibits aroniatase activity of fetal ovaries [40].…”

An overview of factors influencing sex determination and gonadal development in birds

“…Experiments have shown that if the synthesis of estrogen is blocked in early genetically female embryos by the administration of an aromatase inhibitor, approximately 50% of the embryos develop testis [80]. Similarly, embryonic testicular implants can cause testis development in genetically female embryos, and this reversal is preventable by the simultaneous administration of estrogens [81]. Conversely, the administration of exogenous estrogen can feminize the gonads of male embryos, whereas estrogen antagonists are able to disrupt the normal development of the ovary [49,82,83].…”