Ações Afirmativas nos Governos FHC e Lula: um Balanço

Abstract

Neste artigo, buscaremos demonstrar que tanto para a administração Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), de orientação pró-mercado ou neoliberal, quanto para a administração Lula, de orientação pró--políticas sociais, a questão racial e/ou as desigualdades raciais (que afetam expressivamente a população negra), assim como as propostas de combate ao racismo, não foram prioridade em suas agendas. Palavras-chave: Ação afirmativa; Educação Pública Superior; Governo FHC; Governo Lula. Affirmative Action in the Presidencies of FHC and Lula: an EvaluationAbstract In this article, the author seeks to demonstrate that neither during the administration of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), its pro--market or neoliberal agenda, nor during the Lula administration, with its pro-social policy orientation, the issue of race and/or the racial inequalities (which specifically affect the black population) and the proposals to combat racism, were not priorities.

The Financing of TV Brasil: Limitation of Resources or Political Choice?

“…Thus, the public television established in 2007 (full of shortcomings as a result of this resistance) also received—and continues to receive—harsh criticism from the social agents that were campaigning for the democratization of communication in Brazil. During Lula’s administration (2003–2010), a center-left and prosocial administration (see Santos, 2014), there were more national conferences aimed at debating important themes for Brazilian society (among them the democratization of the media of communication) than under any previous government. According to the political scientist Leonardo Avritzer (2012: 7–8), of the 115 national conferences that took place between 1940 and 2010, “74 occurred during Lula’s terms, which shows the administration’s importance in the participatory politics of the period.” Approximately 6 million adults participated in these conferences (Avritzer, 2012: 12).…”

What Factors Influence Affirmative-Action Students' Achievement in Brazilian Federal Universities?

“…In 1997, Fernando Henrique Cardoso became the first head of state in Brazil to publicly acknowledge racial inequality and the existence of racism (S. A. Dos Santos, 2014). Efforts to enact affirmative-action policies within the government preceded the enactment of the 2008 Law of Social Quotas, the law that directly targeted higher education admissions and which is the subject of this study.…”

“…Cardoso, who was the President of Brazil from 1995Brazil from to 2003, introduced a national affirmative-action program to increase the participation of Black and Brown Brazilians in public office through race- based quotas (S. A. Dos Santos, 2014;Htun, 2004). These programs, however, were not successfully implemented (Dos Santos, 2014).…”

“…Dos Santos, 2014;Htun, 2004). These programs, however, were not successfully implemented (Dos Santos, 2014).…”

“…A summary describing some key historical events in Brazilian history can be found in Table 2. (Skidmore, 1974, p. 41) 1888 Abolishment of Slavery (Skidmore, 1974) 1946 Establishment of the public education system (Saviani, 2010;Schwartzman, 2013) 1997 Fernando Henrique Cardoso (then President) publicly acknowledges that racism exists in Brazil (S. A. Dos Santos, 2014) 2001 World Conference on Racism in Durban, South Africa (Htun, 2004) 2001 First State University Established Quota (Htun, 2004) law narrowly defined how it seeks to generate social mobility through education. 12 Therefore, by knowing what factors influence the success of these students, university administrators can better serve this population.…”