Acetalization of glycerol using mesoporous MoO3/SiO2 solid acid catalyst

Cyclic Acetalization of Furfural on Porous Aluminosilicate Acid Catalysts

“…Jermi and Pandurangan [6] showed that propylene glycol is better used than ethylene glycol for acetalization, due to the addition of alkyl group in propylene glycol can increase the nucleophilic properties. The most researchers use glycerol/triol for acetalization [2,[7][8][9].…”

Highly Efficient Acetalization and Ketalization Catalyzed by Cobaloxime under Solvent-Free Condition

“…Glycerolacetals/ketals have wide applications as fragrances, surfactants, food and beverage additives, fine intermediates, in lacquer industries and as ignition accelerators and anti-knock additives in combustion engines [16]. Catalyzed by CoCl 2 /DH 2 , ketalization of glycerol with cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate reached approximately full conversions (entries 9-11), whereas, acetophenone gave a moderate yield.…”

“…However, those methods suffered from several drawbacks, such as corrosion, tedious work-up, environmental pollution and non-recoverability of catalysts. To solve those problems, a variety of solid acidic catalysts, which were prepared by immobilization of acidic catalysts on various inorganic or organic supporters, have been investigated [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, many acid or Lewis acid-functionalized ionic liquids were used for acetalization or ketalization [21][22][23][24].…”

Acetals as Possible Diesel Additives

“…Huge amounts of glycerol are being formed as a subproduct in the transesterification reactions of fatty acids (10 wt %). Currently, small amounts of this tri-alcohol are being used in pharmaceutical and personal care areas, so, in order to avoid its incineration, different alternatives are being investigated looking for high added value products from glycerol: hydrogen gas production, glycerin acetate production, citric acid production, cosmetic bonding agent for makeup including eye drops and conversion to propylene glycol, acrolein, ethanol and epichlorhydrin (Silva et al, 2010;Umbarkar et al, 2009). The obtention of glycerol additives would be another interesting use of the glycerol.…”

“…It can be observed how the glycerol acetals fulfill all the diesel specifications while acetals of ethanol require a big aldehyde in order to get an acceptable flash point. Lower molecular weight acetals are being used as surfactants, flavors, disinfectants (Capeletti et al 2000;Silva et al 2010), in cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical area or in fragrances (Umbarkar et al 2009;Yang et al, 2006).…”