Accurate prediction of xanthine oxidase inhibition based on the structure of flavonoids

Structure–activity relationship of immunomodulating pectins from elderberries

“…Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and produces uric acid and superoxide [78]. XO is found mainly in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, but also in the kidney, brain and throughout the cardiovascular system [79].…”

Tryptophan-containing milk protein-derived dipeptides inhibit xanthine oxidase

“…In vivo, uric acid is produced following oxidation of the aldehyde groups in xanthine or hypoxanthine by XO [68]. This reaction also generates superoxide radicals, which are responsible for the production of other compounds such as H 2 O 2 , hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals [87]. The generation of oxidants in endothelial cells can result in endothelial injury.…”

“…1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (Allopurinol), an allosteric XO inhibitor, is used in the clinical management of hyperuricemia and gout [68]. Despite Allopurinol's potency, adverse side effects involving oxypurinol have been reported [87]. These include the development of fever, rash and Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome which can be fatal [5,50,68].…”

“…The most common natural XO inhibitors described in the literature are flavonoids, which have a relatively wide range of IC 50 values ranging between 0.75 and >40.00 M [87].…”

KAEMPFEROL FROM STELECHOCARPUS BURAHOL, (BL.) HOOK F. & TH. LEAVES AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITION ACTIVTY

“…Xanthine has an absorption in the UV wavelength 260 nm (Nagao et al, 1999) [14] over 6 minutes uric acid formation reaction kinetics is linear (Van Hoorn et al, 2002) [15]. In this study, the rate of formation of uric acid linear 5 minutes, then at minute 6 start ramps.…”