Structure–activity relationship of immunomodulating pectins from elderberries

Ho, Giang Thanh Thi; Ahmed, Abeeda; Zou, Yuanfeng; Aslaksen, Torun Helene; Wangensteen, Helle; Barsett, Hilde

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.057

Cited by 75 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(239 reference statements)

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“…Pectic polysaccharides present in the water extracts might be a reason for the high complement fixating activity observed, in accordance with previous results [26,29,30]. Rutin (IC 50 40.0 ± 2.6 µM), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (IC 50 95.1 ± 3.1 µM), and quercetin-3-glucoside (IC 50 76.5 ± 2.6 µM) showed a higher complement fixating activity compared to the aglycone quercetin (IC 50 193.8 ± 5.6 µM), which is also reported previously [27,31].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Thus, the acidic MeOH extract and the EtOH extracts have the highest selectivity for both polyphenols and components with high complement fixating activity. The 50 °C water and 100 °C water extracts containing polysaccharides also possessed complement fixating activities, in accordance with a previous report [26]. The IC 50 values of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside, on a weight basis, are 18.0 µg/mL and 13.4 µg/mL, which is higher compared to the acidic elderberry MeOH extract (IC 50 12.3 µg/mL).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The DCM elderberry and elderflower extracts exhibited little effect on NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 and dendritic D2SC/I cells. The water extracts induced the production of NO, explained by the presence of pectic polysaccharides, which previously have shown macrophage stimulation [26,29,30]. The elderberry and elderflower crude extracts did not show any cytotoxic effects against RAW 264.7 macrophages and dendritic D2SC/I cells at 100 µg/mL (81.2%–105.6% cell viability).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

Wangensteen

Barsett

2017

IJMS

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Modulation of complement activity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages and dendritic cells may have therapeutic value in inflammatory diseases. Elderberry and elderflower extracts, constituents, and metabolites were investigated for their effects on the complement system, and on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and murine dendritic D2SC/I cells. The EtOH crude extracts from elderberry and elderflower and the isolated anthocyanins and procyanidins possessed strong complement fixating activity and strong inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW cells and dendritic cells. Phenolic compounds in the range of 0.1-100 µM showed a dose-dependent inhibition of NO production, with quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol as the most potent ones. Among the metabolites, caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid showed the strongest inhibitory effects on NO production in both cell lines, without having cytotoxic effect. Only 4-methylcatechol was cytotoxic at the highest tested concentration (100 µM). Elderberry and elderflower constituents may possess inflammatory modulating activity, which increases their nutritional value.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

Wangensteen

Barsett

2017

IJMS

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“…HA is also responsible for the virus' capacity to induce hemagglutination in human hosts (Ito et al, ; Mandenius et al, ), which Sambucol has been shown in vitro to inhibit fourfold to 16‐fold depending on the strain of influenza (Zakay‐Rones et al, ). Studies have also indicated that elderberry's effectiveness against infection may be due to immune stimulation (Kinoshita et al, ; Ho et al, ; Ho et al, ). In order to move toward the best possible treatment for influenza, more research is needed to determine to what extent S. nigra antiviral effects are due to each chemical constituent of the plant, and if synergistic effects exist between combinations of these constituents to increase their therapeutic potential.…”

Section: Antiviral Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus nigraL.) Products

Porter

Bode

2017

Phytother. Res.

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Black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has a long ethnobotanical history across many disparate cultures as a treatment for viral infection and is currently one of the most-used medicinal plants worldwide. Until recently, however, substantial scientific research concerning its antiviral properties has been lacking. Here, we evaluate the state of current scientific research concerning the use of elderberry extract and related products as antivirals, particularly in the treatment of influenza, as well as their safety and health impacts as dietary supplements. While the extent of black elder's antiviral effects are not well known, antiviral and antimicrobial properties have been demonstrated in these extracts, and the safety of black elder is reflected by the United States Food and Drug Administration approval as generally recognized as safe. A deficit of studies comparing these S. nigra products and standard antiviral medications makes informed and detailed recommendations for use of S. nigra extracts in medical applications currently impractical. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Investigations have also revealed the efficacy of S . nigra against infection that may be due to the stimulation of the immune system (Ho et al, ; Ho, Zou, Aslaksen, Wangensteen, & Barsett, ; Kinoshita, Hayashi, Katayama, Hayashi, & Obata, ). The literature showed a very high antiviral potential of S .…”

Section: Medicinal Plants Used In Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus: A systematic review

Akram

Tahir

Shah

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

194

162

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Viral infections are being managed therapeutically through available antiviral regimens with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The refractory viral infections resistant to available antiviral drugs are alarming threats and a serious health concern. For viral hepatitis, the interferon and vaccine therapies solely are not ultimate solutions due to recurrence of hepatitis C virus. Owing to the growing incidences of viral infections and especially of resistant viral strains, the available therapeutic modalities need to be improved, complemented with the discovery of novel antiviral agents to combat refractory viral infections. It is widely accepted that medicinal plant heritage is nature gifted, precious, and fueled with the valuable resources for treatment of metabolic and infectious disorders. The aims of this review are to assemble the facts and to conclude the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants in the eradication and management of various viral diseases such as influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections, which have been proven in diverse clinical studies. The articles, published in the English language since 1982 to 2017, were included from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, AMED, CISCOM, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed by using relevant keywords including plants possessing antiviral activity, the antiviral effects of plants, and plants used in viral disorders. The scientific literature mainly focusing on plant extracts and herbal products with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models of influenza, HIV, HSV, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus were included in the study. Pure compounds possessing antiviral activity were excluded, and plants possessing activity against viruses other than viruses in inclusion criteria were excluded. Hundreds of plant extracts with antiviral effect were recognized. However, the data from only 36 families investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The inferences from scientific literature review, focusing on potential therapeutic consequences of medicinal plants on experimental models of HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus have ascertained the curative antiviral potential of plants. Fifty-four medicinal plants belonging to 36 different families having antiviral potential were documented. Out of 54 plants, 27 individually belong to particular plant families. On the basis of the work of several independent research groups, the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against listed common viral diseases in the region has been proclaimed. In this context, the herbal formulations as alternative medicine may contribute to the eradication of complicated viral infection significantly. The current review consolidates the data of the various medicinal plants, those are Sambucus nigra, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and Hypericum connatum, holding promising specific antiviral activities scientifically proven through studies on experimental animal mo...

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Structure–activity relationship of immunomodulating pectins from elderberries

Cited by 75 publications

References 165 publications

Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus nigraL.) Products

Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus: A systematic review

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