Accurate determination of 41Ca concentrations in spent resins from the nuclear industry by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Development of 3H, 14C, 41Ca, 55Fe, 63Ni radiochemical analysis methods in activated concrete samples

“…The initial radiochemical Method 1 for the determination of 41 Ca, 55 Fe and 63 Ni was a combination of published articles [2,12,25,26]. The procedure was based on 4 h acid leaching of the solid subsample (0.5 g) using 30 ml of conc.…”

Intercomparison exercise on difficult to measure radionuclides in activated concrete—statistical analysis and comparison with activation calculations

“…The radiochemical methods utilised in the DTM analysis of the activated concrete have been summarised by Leskinen et al [4]. The utilised procedures were mainly based on published references [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], but also internal procedures and modifications based on discussions between the participating laboratories. The main focus was given for 3 H, 14 C, 55 Fe and 63 Ni whereas 36 Cl and 41 Ca were optional.…”

Plasma source mass spectrometry for radioactive waste characterisation in support of nuclear decommissioning: a review

“…142 Calcium-41 has been successfully separated from the bulk matrix and radiometric interferences by numerous techniques including ion exchange, liquid-liquid extraction, liquid membrane separation, and precipitations including calcium uoride, carbonate and oxalate. 139,143,145 The long half-life of 41 Ca and low energy X-ray and Auger electrons makes it well-suited to mass spectrometric determination, with an additional interest in measurement of the 41 Ca : 40 Ca ratio in nuclear samples. There is no known ICP-MS application for detection of 41 Ca, due to signicant tailing effects from 40 Ca, as well as 40 Ar (99.60% natural abundance) in the plasma gas, with additional interferences from isobaric 41 K (natural abundance 6.73%) and instrument-generated 40 CaH.…”

“…RIMS is a highly sensitive technique for isotopic 41 Ca/ 40 Ca measurements in the 10 À10 to 10 À11 range, 136,139 whilst AMS is capable of isotope ratio measurements as low as 10 À15 . 139,145 Given the difficulty in routinely measuring 41 Ca, Nottoli et al (2013) estimated the activity from measurement of 60 Co in ion exchange resins used for primary uid purication in pressurized water reactors (PWR's). 145 AMS has been compared to LSC for detection of 41 Ca in concrete and other solid samples including sediment and soil.…”

“…139,145 Given the difficulty in routinely measuring 41 Ca, Nottoli et al (2013) estimated the activity from measurement of 60 Co in ion exchange resins used for primary uid purication in pressurized water reactors (PWR's). 145 AMS has been compared to LSC for detection of 41 Ca in concrete and other solid samples including sediment and soil. 139,143 Given the fundamental difference in the two techniques, there was good agreement between results in both studies, however Hampe et al noted signicant deviations at lower activities.…”