Plasma source mass spectrometry for radioactive waste characterisation in support of nuclear decommissioning: a review

Croudace, Ian W.; Russell, Ben; Warwick, Phillip E.

doi:10.1039/c6ja00334f

Cited by 66 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 286 publications

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“…For radioactive material characterization in nuclear decommissioning and waste management, constructional and operational materials (e.g., concrete, graphite, steel, ion exchange resin and coolant from nuclear reactors) are typically required to be analyzed for a number of radionuclides (e.g., 3 H, 14 C, 36 Cl, 41 Ca, 55 Fe, 63 Ni, 90 Sr, 99 Tc, Pu isotopes, 241 Am and 244 Cm) [28,29]. The large variations in radioactivity levels and sample matrix compositions occur often as challenges in the relevant radiochemical analyses.…”

Section: Application Of Flow Techniques In Radiochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications

Qiao

2020

Molecules

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Automated sample processing techniques are desirable in radiochemical analysis for environmental radioactivity monitoring, nuclear emergency preparedness, nuclear waste characterization and management during operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities, as well as medical isotope production, to achieve fast and cost-effective analysis. Dynamic flow based approaches including flow injection (FI), sequential injection (SI), multi-commuted flow injection (MCFI), multi-syringe flow injection (MSFI), multi-pumping flow system (MPFS), lab-on-valve (LOV) and lab-in-syringe (LIS) techniques have been developed and applied to meet the analytical criteria under different situations. Herein an overall review and discussion on these techniques and methodologies developed for radiochemical separation and measurement of various radionuclides is presented. Different designs of flow systems with combinations of radiochemical separation techniques, such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), liquid–liquid microextraction (LLME), solid phase extraction chromatography (SPEC), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), electrochemically modulated separations (EMS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) separation and online sensing and detection systems, are summarized and reviewed systematically.

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Section: Application Of Flow Techniques In Radiochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications

Qiao

2020

Molecules

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“…The standard radiochemical methods are time-consuming and there is an urgent need for faster methods. The use of ICP-MS in nuclear decommissioning has been widely discussed in the literature [5,6] and is the preferred technique for long-lived radionuclides due to its analytical characteristics [7]. However the fact that complex matrix may create non-spectral interferences in the plasma, may limit application and makes matrix removal steps necessary [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automated SeaFAST ICP-DRC-MS Method for the Determination of 90Sr in Spent Nuclear Fuel Leachates

et al. 2020

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To reduce uncertainties in determining the source term and evolving condition of spent nuclear fuel is fundamental to the safety assessment. ß-emitting nuclides pose a challenging task for reliable, quantitative determination because both radiometric and mass spectrometric methodologies require prior chemical purification for the removal of interfering activity and isobars, respectively. A method for the determination of 90Sr at trace levels in nuclear spent fuel leachate samples without sophisticated and time-consuming procedures has been established. The analytical approach uses a commercially available automated pre-concentration device (SeaFAST) coupled to an ICP-DRC-MS. The method shows good performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LOD reducing the total time of analysis for each sample to 12.5 min. The comparison between the developed method and the classical radiochemical method shows a good agreement when taking into account the associated uncertainties.

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“…Simultaneous determination of multiple REEs is of great interest for industrial analytical control of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) recycling process [5]. Currently, such high-precision spectroscopic techniques based on inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry such as ICP-MS (mass spectrometry), ICP-AAS (atomic absorption spectroscopy), and ICP-AES (atomic emission spectroscopy) are applied for REE quantification in different SNF reprocessing steps [6]. Despite the remarkable analytical characteristics of these methods, their direct implementation into a processing line is impossible since they do not allow the continuous sampling and real-time analysis of target compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Diamide and Phosphine Oxide Extracting Compounds as Membrane Components for Cross-Sensitive Chemical Sensors

et al. 2019

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This research is devoted to the development and study of novel cross-sensitive sensors based on modified extracting ligands. According to the previous results of liquid extraction studies, the chemical modification of membrane active components would change the analytical characteristics of a sensor comprising them. The sensing elements of the studied sensors consisted of various derivatives of N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyldiamide of diglycolic acid (TODGA) and di-phenyl-N,N-di-i-sobutylcarbamoylmethylen phoshine oxide (CMPO) used as neutral carriers, CCD (chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide) as a lipophilic additive, different plasticizers, and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as a polymer. TODGA-based sensors demonstrated a stable and reproducible response towards rare earth cations in acidic media (pH = 2). Changing the concentrations and ratio of neutral carriers and the lipophilic additive, it is possible to modify the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors towards the same target ions. Bonded ligands, such as cobalt dicarbollide covalently attached to TODGA and CMPO, exhibited lower selectivity and sensitivity to rare earth cations. A possibility to vary the cross-sensitivity patterns of the sensors in a wide range might be of great interest for the development of multisensor systems allowing the simultaneous determination of several analytes in multicomponent solutions.

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Plasma source mass spectrometry for radioactive waste characterisation in support of nuclear decommissioning: a review

Cited by 66 publications

References 286 publications

Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications

Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications

An Automated SeaFAST ICP-DRC-MS Method for the Determination of 90Sr in Spent Nuclear Fuel Leachates

Modified Diamide and Phosphine Oxide Extracting Compounds as Membrane Components for Cross-Sensitive Chemical Sensors

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