Accumulation of Lead (Pb) in the Talus Lichenes Contained in Mahogany Tree Stands of Roadside of Medan City

Abstract

This study reports on the accumulation of lead (Pb) in the talus Lichenes found on roadside stands of mahogany trees in the city of Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive, ie location based on the level of traffic density with different air pollution. Pb analysis was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Identified as many as 8 kinds of Lichens with 2 types, namely talus Crustose and foliose. Type of Lepraria incana and Pertusaria amara, which is found in the three study sites belonging to the cosmopolitan types. Pb accumulated in the talus Pertusaria amara ranged from 5.23 to 15.07 ppm. Being on Lepraria incana ranged 1.19 to 4.88 ppm. Pertusaria amara much larger than the Lepralia incana, have potential as bio-indicators of resistance. Lichenes Pb correlation with traffic density showed Pertusaria amara has a very high level and significant correlation compared with other types.

Analysis of Vegetation Lichens of Corticolous on the Styrax Sp. in Aek Nauli Forest Simalungun and Tahura, Karo North Sumatera, Indonesia

“…Determination of tree stands with "Purpossive sampling". The technique of sampling method "Vertical Transek" upward as high as 4 meters (Hasairin, et al, 2014). For the first two meters created as plots one and two metres to-2 as the two plots.…”

“…This situation can be found in the genus Phyrospora and Pertussaria. According Pratiwi states the shape of the thallus, especially for the crustose type, will be found dam forms that are not fixed and some types of lichens have a thallus shape which tends to resemble a circle but can also be found in irregular conditions (Pratiwi, 2006); (Hasairin, et al 2014).…”

“…The inner skin is soft, brown to red, pink or purplish red. The shape of the thallus lichens found in the frankincense tree stands usually in the form of crustose, foliose, fruticose, and squamulose (Hasairin, et al 2014).…”

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“…Polusi udara merupakan permasalahan lingkungan terutama di daerah perkotaan, hal ini disebabkan karena meningkatnya pengembangan industri dan transportasi yang berdampak pada degradasi lingkungan. Emisi http://doi.org/10.20886/jped.2020.6.1.17-24 kendaraan bermotor merupakan salah satu sumber polusi udara yang paling signifikan di wilayah perkotaan, tingkat polusi berkaitan dengan jumlah kendaraan bermotor (Hasairin et al 2015). Wilayah dengan tingkat polusi tinggi berdampak pada kesehatan manusia salah satunya gangguan pernafasan (D'Amato 2011; Cheng et al 2016).…”

“…Berbeda halnya dengan jenis Parmelia, jenis ini hanya ditemukan di lokasi B dan C. Menurut McMullin et al (2017) ketidakmunculan jenis liken tertentu yang dianggap sensitif pada suatu daerah merupakan indikasi tingkat polusi yang tinggi. Sedangkan tipe toleran dapat hidup pada lingkungan yang kualitas udaranya tergolong baik maupun pada lingkungan yang tercemar (Hasairin et al 2015).…”