1981
DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(81)90082-5
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Accumulation and elimination kinetics of di-, tri- and tetra chlorobiphenyls by goldfish after dietary and aqueous exposure

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Cited by 235 publications
(157 citation statements)
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“…Chemical uptake from water phase is the first step and the dominant route for most aquatic organisms even for those consuming heterotrophs and fungi as food (8,28). Bruggeman et al (29) found that food chain or dietary uptake of chemicals exceed respiratory uptake by fish only when chemicals were quite hydrophobic. Since our DOM consumption experiment indicates that medaka is unable to consume DOM from the water as food source (see the Supporting Information), we conclude that the uptake of the majority of compounds is regulated by simple partitioning from water phase for medakas and the contribution of dietary uptake is very small in this study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chemical uptake from water phase is the first step and the dominant route for most aquatic organisms even for those consuming heterotrophs and fungi as food (8,28). Bruggeman et al (29) found that food chain or dietary uptake of chemicals exceed respiratory uptake by fish only when chemicals were quite hydrophobic. Since our DOM consumption experiment indicates that medaka is unable to consume DOM from the water as food source (see the Supporting Information), we conclude that the uptake of the majority of compounds is regulated by simple partitioning from water phase for medakas and the contribution of dietary uptake is very small in this study.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The compound can enter the organism via different routes: directly from the environment across the skin, via specialized surfaces that play a role in gas exchange, via food, etc. In the aquatic environment uptake directly from water is especially important for hydrophilic organic compounds [129], and metals [102,103,772]. In aquatic animals that are chemically isolated from their environment, such as aquatic insects, birds and mammals, the common uptake route is via food.…”
Section: One-compartment Kineticsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fish, and many aquatic invertebrates, accumulate POPs from both water (via the gills, bioconcentration) and food (biomagnification) [Bruggeman et al, 1981;Fisk et al, 1998], most efficiently in the lipid phases. Accumulation is influenced by the water solubility of the pollutant and the trophic position of the organism [e.g., Randall et al, 1998].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%