Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems

Abstract

second editionDynamic Energy Budget theory unifies the commonalities between organisms as prescribed by the implications of energetics, which link different levels of biological organization (cells, organisms and populations). The theory presents simple mechanistic rules that describe the uptake and use of energy and nutrients and the consequences for physiological organization throughout an organism's life cycle, including the relationships between energetics and aging and the effects of toxicants. In this new edition, the theory is broadened to encompass the fluxes of both energy and mass. All living organisms are now covered in a single quantitative framework, the predictions of which are tested against a wide variety of experimental results at the various levels of biological organization. The theory explains many general observations, such as the body size scaling relationships of certain physiological traits, and provides a theoretical basis for the widely used method of indirect calorimetry. In each case, the theory is developed in elementary mathematical terms, but a more detailed discussion of the methodological aspects of mathematical modelling is also included, making the book suitable for biologists and mathematicians with a broad interest in both fundamental and applied quantitative problems in biology.Bas Kooijman is Professor of Applied Theoretical Biology at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam and is also head of the University's Department of Theoretical Biology. His research focuses on mathematical biology, in particular ecotoxicology which provided the framework for the original version of his Dynamic Energy Budget theory published in 1993 (Dynamic Energy Budgets in Biological Systems -Theory and Applications in Ecotoxicology). From the first edition:"This book is an excellent scientific product that informs and forces contemplation of issues relating to population and community ecology. The author has made a complex subject coherent." Thomas G. Hallam, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology "... a very useful and general tool to select more ecologically sound process equations and parameters in ecological models." Sven Erik Jørgensen, Ecological Modelling "The author has made a significant contribution to the problem of modelling the dynamics of biological populations at the level of the individual by synthesizing this very complicated subject into a relatively short list of general assumptions and putting the energetics of sub-models for vital rates on a solid basis." Jim Cushing, Mathematical Biosciences "The family of idealized models offered in this book is capable of playing a role analogous to that of Lotka-Volterra models in population dynamics ... I am confident that any model(s) capable of occupying this niche will be strongly influenced by the ideas in this book." Roger Nisbet, Ecology 9 LIVING TOGETHER Interaction between organisms: The spectrum from competition to preypredator systems. Evaluation of the consequences of the DEB model for population dynamics, food chains, and communities....

Growth heterogeneity in rearing sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): test of hypothesis with an iterative energetic model

“…The first steps of the energetic pathway are generally expressed as NE 5 a 3 b 3 g 3 IE where a is the apparent coefficient of digestibility, b is the ratio between Metabolizable Energy (ME) and Digestible Energy, g is the ratio between Net Energy (NE) and ME and IE is the ingested energy. This equation can be simplified by calculating a global 'assimilation coefficient' (Kooijman, 2000) a 0 where a 0 5 a 3 b 3 g. The underlying assumption was that the rate of energy loss was stable during our experiments. Actually, we had no definite proof that this was the case, but this assumption was preferred to other alternatives, essentially because rearing conditions remained stable throughout the experiment, mortality was null and fish body mass remained within the same order of magnitude.…”

“…(d) % body weight 0.66 : this hypothesis takes into account the allometric decrease of the food ration relative to body weight, so the exponent is lower than 1.00. The value of 0.66 was selected after Kooijman (2000).…”

“…refer to surfaces, whereas catabolism is governed by body volume. This 2D : 3D ratio varies allometrically when fish grow (exponent of 0.66; Kooijman, 2000), so the relationship between food intake and body weight would have been expected to follow the same dynamics in sea bass, at least among fish feeding freely. The finding that it was not the case for sea bass suggests that food intake was governed by other factors.…”

Biology-based dynamic approach for the reconciliation of acute and chronic toxicity tests: Application to daphnia magna

“…The DEB theory (Kooijman, 2000) provides the basis for the description of the relations between feeding, maintenance, growth, development and reproduction in organisms. In DEB this description is carried out using mass and energy budgets normally expressed as ordinary differential equations.…”

Growth of Corophium volutator Under Laboratory Conditions

“…The age and length of Corophium volutator are related by a growth curve describing the change of the length of an individual over time, based on an initial length, maximum length, food availability, and the growth rate. In the model of Smit et al (2006), growth is described according to Kooijman (1993) by the Von Bertalanffy growth curve (Bertalanffy 1938):…”