Accelerated aging in perinatally HIV-infected children: clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms

Chiappini, Elena; Bianconi, Martina; Dalzini, Annalisa; Petrara, Maria Raffaella; Galli, Luisa; Giaquinto, Carlo; Rossi, Anita De

doi:10.18632/aging.101622

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The continued release of virions by residual replicating virus (that persists at low levels even in the presence of effective ART) promotes a chronic inflammatory status, in which the release of proinflammatory cytokines favors premature cellular aging and the pathophysiological scenario typically observed in elderly persons. This includes renal and cardiovascular diseases, metabolic and endocrine alterations, cerebrovascular diseases, and malignancies [42][43][44][45][46][57][58][59]. Here, we focus on malignancies diagnosed in HIV-infected children.…”

Section: Clinical Conditions Related To Premature Aging Of Hiv-infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Dalzini

Petrara

Ballin

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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Chronic HIV-infected children suffer from premature aging and aging-related diseases. Viral replication induces an ongoing inflammation process, with the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the activation of the immune system, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Although combined highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly modified the natural course of HIV infection, normalization of T and B cell phenotype is not completely achievable; thus, many HIV-infected children display several phenotypical alterations, including higher percentages of activated cells, that favor an accelerated telomere attrition, and higher percentages of exhausted and senescent cells. All these features ultimately lead to the clinical manifestations related to premature aging and comorbidities typically observed in older general population, including non-AIDS-related malignancies. Therefore, even under effective treatment, the premature aging process of HIV-infected children negatively impacts their quality and length of life. This review examines the available data on the impact of HIV and ART on immune and biological senescence of HIV-infected children.

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Section: Clinical Conditions Related To Premature Aging Of Hiv-infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Dalzini

Petrara

Ballin

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Even in children with a controlled infection (undetectable viral load and restored CD4 + T lymphocyte count), HIV causes persistent immune system activation and chronic inflammation. Ongoing inflammation processes have been documented by increased levels of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), increased mitochondrial damage, higher levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and acceleration of age‐associated methylation pattern . Lipid and bone metabolism, increased risk for certain malignancies, and cardiovascular, renal, and neurological systems should be carefully monitored, particularly in children with detectable viremia and/or with CD4/CD8 ratio inversion .…”

Section: Hiv‐1 Infection In Children and Adolescents: False Beliefs Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ongoing inflammation processes have been documented by increased levels of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), increased mitochondrial damage, higher levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and acceleration of age‐associated methylation pattern . Lipid and bone metabolism, increased risk for certain malignancies, and cardiovascular, renal, and neurological systems should be carefully monitored, particularly in children with detectable viremia and/or with CD4/CD8 ratio inversion . In the combined ART era, renal disease is one of the most common noninfectious conditions complicating HIV infection …”

Section: Hiv‐1 Infection In Children and Adolescents: False Beliefs Amentioning

confidence: 99%

What the paediatrician needs to know about HIV‐1 infection

Parigi

Licari

Galli

et al. 2020

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Nowadays, it is spreading the false perception that pediatric HIV infection has been almost completely disappeared in Italy, as well as in other Western countries, and it does not deserve the attention of the primary care pediatrician anymore. Hereby, we report the important role still played by the primary care pediatrician in management and prevention of pediatric HIV infection in Western countries.

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“…There are approximately 5.3 million patients with AD in the United States, >96% of whom are >65 years of age, and it is estimated that there will be >10 million patients with AD by the year 2050. Moreover, patients with AD suffer from aphasia, amnesia and memory dysfunction, resulting in impatience, anxiety and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which severely affect their quality of life (4); therefore, the effective treatment of AD is of utmost importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the combined use of donepezil with either quetiapine or sodium valproate in patients with Alzheimer's disease with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and their effects on vascular endothelial growth factors

Yang

Chen

2020

Exp Ther Med

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The present study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of donepezil combined with quetiapine and with sodium valproate on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to explore the changes and clinical value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). For this purpose, a total of 131 patients with AD admitted to the Infirmary of Shandong Agricultural University from January, 2017 to January, 2019 were included, of which 60 treated with donepezil combined with quetiapine were designated as group A, whereas 71 treated with donepezil combined with sodium valproate were designated as group B. The behavioral pathology in the AD rating scale (BEHAVE-AD) was used for the evaluation of the clinical efficacy, the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) for the mental state assessment, and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for the assessment of cognitive performance. Any adverse reactions were recorded, and the treatment costs of the drugs were compared. According to the treatment efficacy, the patients were divided into the excellent efficacy group and the poor efficacy group. No significant differences were observed in clinical efficacy, or in the single and total adverse reactions between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The drug treatment costs in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF in the excellent efficacy group was significantly higher than that in the poor efficacy group (P<0.05). VEGF was found to negatively correlate with the BEHAVE-AD score before and after treatment (P<0.05). On the whole, the present study demonstrates that both quetiapine and sodium valproate combined with donepezil are effective in the treatment of patients with AD presenting with BPSD; the latter is relatively more cost-effective and thus may be worthy of clinical promotion. Moreover, VEGF negatively correlates with BEHAVE-AD score and can thus be used as a potential predictive marker for the treatment response of patients AD with BPSD.

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Accelerated aging in perinatally HIV-infected children: clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms

Cited by 26 publications

References 99 publications

Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV

What the paediatrician needs to know about HIV‐1 infection

Efficacy of the combined use of donepezil with either quetiapine or sodium valproate in patients with Alzheimer's disease with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and their effects on vascular endothelial growth factors

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