Acaricidal Activity of DHEMH, Derived from Patchouli Oil, against House Dust Mite, Dermatophagoides farinae

Abstract

This study characterized the acaricidal activity of constituents of patchouli oil extracted from (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) BENTH) against the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. A new compound, 2-(1,3-dihydroxy-but-2-enylidene)-6-methyl-3-oxo-heptanoic acid (DHEMH), was isolated from patchouli oil and characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis (EA). This active component was identified as the hydrolysate of pogostone. Fifteen other constituents found in patchouli oil were also identified by GC-MS, including patchouli alcohol and pogostone. LD 50 studies carried out over 24 h using contact toxicity tests identified DHEMH as the most toxic compound to D. farinae (2.04 μg/cm 2 ), followed by patchouli oil (6.11 μg/cm 2 ), benzyl benzoate (BP) (9.31 μg/cm 2 ) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (58.52 μg/cm 2 ). In vapor phase toxicity tests, all of these compounds were more effective in closed than open containers, indicating that the most efficient mode of delivery for these compounds is the vapor phase. These results indicate that DHEMH and patchouli oil merit further study as potential agents for the control of D. farinae.

The draft genome, transcriptome, and microbiome of Dermatophagoides farinae reveal a broad spectrum of dust mite allergens

“…32 Further investigation might provide molecular targets for the development of more effective acaricides to control HDM propagation. 33,34 Elucidating the full spectrum of allergens from D farinae and D pteronyssinus, the most prevalent mite species, including determination of their biochemical function, gene structures, complete cDNA sequences, localization, content, epitope, IgE-binding activity, and skin test activity, is important for obtaining a good understanding of mite allergies. 5,6 The present D farinae draft genome and transcriptome could propel research in the HDM allergy field forward by serving as an essential resource for proteomic identification of novel allergens and enabling efficient and reliable identification of full-length allergen genes.…”

Insecticidal activity of pogostone against Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…, is a major active ingredient of patchouli oil . Previously, the hydrolysate of PO was shown to have rapid acaricidal activities against the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae . 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐3‐(3‐methylbutanoyl)‐2‐pyrone, an analogue of PO, was demonstrated to be a potent agent against arthropods such as cockroach .…”

Characterisation of the Metabolism of Pogostone In Vitro and In Vivo Using Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry

“…Metabolite M6 was observed at 8.9 min with a deprotonated molecule at m/z 241 (C 12 H 17 O 5 ), which was 18 Da higher than that of pogostone, suggesting that hydrolysation had occurred. According to the literature (Wu et al ., ), an opening hydrolysis reaction could easily occur in the lactone moiety, because pogostone is a ketone containing lactone and is unstable. The hydrolysate of pogostone was reported to be 2‐(1, 3‐dihydroxy‐but‐2‐enylidene)‐6‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐heptanoic acid.…”