“…Due to its relevance and usefulness in the educational area, researchers seek to understand which and how variables are associated with student performance in order to optimize it (Ahinful, Tauringana, Bansah & Essuman, 2019;Byrne & Flood, 2008;Caetano, Cardoso, Miranda, & Freitas, 2015;Nasu & Sasso, 2021;Rodrigues, Miranda, Resende, & Pereira, 2016). Understanding the factors associated with academic performance can help students, faculty, academic directors, and educational policymakers implement or adjust policies, practices, and pedagogical plans to increase student learning.…”