Absence of evidence of Borna disease virus infection in Swedish patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Evengård, Birgitta; Briese, Thomas; Lindh, Gudrun; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lipkin, W. Ian

doi:10.3109/13550289909045378

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Other examples of inconsistent NAAT-based associations are atherosclerosis linked to Helicobacter pylori (22), herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus (14,21), and periodontal microorganisms (6,10,11). A number of "syndromes of yet unknown etiology," including chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and sarcoidosis, have been also linked to Mycoplasma (9, 26), Borna disease virus (10, 31), HHV-8 (4, 7, 12), and Propionibacterium spp.…”

Section: Wanted: Etiologic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-House Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays in Research: How Much Quality Control Is Needed before One Can Rely upon the Results?

2005

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3Over the last 20 years, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have become a major tool for detection of microorganisms, for diagnostic testing, and for research purposes in the field of infectious diseases. NAATs offer significant sensitivity and speed compared to culture and do not require viable organisms. However, validated, commercially available, U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared assays exist for the following microorganisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, group B streptococcus, Legionella pneumophila, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. Some of these tests are for very limited indications, for example, the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus assay is intended only for use with nasopharyngeal swabs as an infection control tool.There are also a number of so-called analyte-specific reagents commercially available for clinically relevant pathogens and pathogenicity factors like herpes simplex virus, EpsteinBarr virus, cytomegalovirus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bordetella pertussis and the genes for vanA/vanB and mecA, respectively. Next to these relatively closed and standardized kit concepts, the use of NAATs for research purposes has expanded dramatically. These assays range from those that are well validated to not validated at all, yet these assays are frequently used and cited in the literature. A review of the current literature on the association of a particular microorganism and a particular disease frequently reveals inconsistent results, even apparently when the same methods are used.Although NAATs offer the promise of exquisite sensitivity, theoretically allowing for detection of a single organism in a clinical sample, both false-negative and -positive results can and do occur. There can be problems with sensitivity, specificity, and contamination, which can be secondary to a very large number of technical issues, as listed in Tables 1 to 6. Some of the more common problems in context with NAAT-based studies of microorganisms and disease associations are described below. FALSE-POSITIVE RESULTS DUE TO CONTAMINATIONThe possible association between human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and a direct role in Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis is very important. The presence of this potentially oncogenic virus in semen donated for use in artificial insemination would be critically important to know. However, the prevalences of HHV-8 DNA in prostate and semen as measured by NAATs range from 0 to over 90% (32). A recent study (32) assessed interlaboratory sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of blinded, identical experimental panels, each consisting of 48 samples composed of semen specimens from artificial insemination donors, human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, and positive and negative controls. As no commercial, validated assay is available, each laboratory followed its standard procedures for HHV-8 PCR; thus, procedures varied from laboratory to labora...

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Section: Wanted: Etiologic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-House Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays in Research: How Much Quality Control Is Needed before One Can Rely upon the Results?

2005

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“…The differences in prevalence could be due to the use of different assay systems (immunofluorescence [IF] assay [4,5,37,38], Western blot [WB] analysis [8,14,15,21,23,24,40,47,50], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [14,20,24], and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay [ECLIA] [53]) with different sensitivities and specificities. Particularly, in most of the previous reports that examined BDV antibodies by WB analysis, the specificity for BDV has not been considered, giving rise to the possibility of false-positive results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and PCR Analyses for Borna Disease Virus in Psychiatric Patients and Blood Donors in Japan

Fukuda

Takahashi²,

Iwata

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

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Borna disease virus (BDV) is the prototype of a new virus family, Bornaviridae, within the Mononegavirales order, which has a nonsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome (12,42). BDV is a noncytolytic neurotropic virus that infects a wide variety of animal species from birds to primates (7,17,26,36,51,52) and causes Borna disease (BD), which is characterized by central nervous system dysfunction with variable manifestations ranging from fatal neuronal damage to almost asymptomatic viral persistence (19,25,28,29). The wide host range of the virus and behavioral disturbances in animals with BD have suggested that BDV infection may be associated with human psychiatric disorders (5,8,9,15,23,33,40,48,49,53). Furthermore, seroepidemiological data and the detection of BDV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by nested reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) have also suggested a possible involvement of BDV in human psychiatric disorders. However, there is controversy over the prevalence of BDV antibodies and BDV RNA in the PBMCs of patients with psychiatric disorders.In previous serological studies, the prevalence of anti-BDV antibodies in psychiatric patients varied from 0 to 30% in different laboratories. The differences in prevalence could be due to the use of different assay systems (immunofluorescence [IF] assay [4,5,37,38], Western blot [WB] analysis [8,14,15,21,23,24,40,47,50], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [14,20,24], and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay [ECLIA] [53]) with different sensitivities and specificities. Particularly, in most of the previous reports that examined BDV antibodies by WB analysis, the specificity for BDV has not been considered, giving rise to the possibility of false-positive results. One of the aims of the present study was to establish a WB analysis with specificity for the detection of BDV antibodies in human sera and to reevaluate the prevalence of BDV antibodies. Furthermore, we also tried to detect anti-BDV antibodies by ECLIA and IF assay to make elaborate inquires into the prevalence of anti-BDV antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the evaluation of the prevalence of anti-BDV antibodies examined by three different methods.Experimental animal models of BD demonstrated that BD is caused by T-cell-mediated immunopathology in the brain (1a, 2, 3, 16, 28, 31, 32, 35, 41, 43-45). The evidence has suggested that BDV-specific CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cells in the brain play an

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“…Among these 9 studies, 2 studies did not find an association between BDV and CFS. Evengard et al reported that in Swedish patients, there was nonspecific immunoreactivity in ELISA to BDV in CFS sera (due to infectivity with other microbes or viral agents, as well as being bound to b-galactosidase), which was not confirmed by WB; in addition to RT-PCR detection of P-gene transcripts in PBMC (18). However, the geographic differences and other factors could be the reason for this discrepancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a study by Bode et al the role of BDV in the etiology of CFS was no significant (17). Evengardand et al did not support the role of BDV in the pathogenesis of CFS (18). In a Japanese study by Nakaya et al the prevalence of BDV p24RNA and antibody in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and serum of patients with CFS was 32%, supporting the association between BDV and CFS (19).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Association Between Borna Disease Virus and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Azami

Mojarad

Mansouri

et al. 2017

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Context: Several studies have controversial results regarding the association between Borna disease virus (BDV) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between CFS and BDV. Evidence Acquisition: The present study was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis studies. To avoid bias, all procedures of the study were performed by two researchers independently. A comprehensive search was performed using online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, science Direct, Cochrane Library, web of science, and Google scholar using the MeSH keywords until December 12 th , 2016. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using 20 (1.66, 89.57) and 8.20 (3.32, 20.22), respectively (test for subgroup differences: P=0.72; I 2 =0). Conclusions:This study supports the association between BDV and CFS and shows the role of viral agents in etiology of CFS. Therefore, viral agents may play a role in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Absence of evidence of Borna disease virus infection in Swedish patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

In-House Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays in Research: How Much Quality Control Is Needed before One Can Rely upon the Results?

In-House Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays in Research: How Much Quality Control Is Needed before One Can Rely upon the Results?

Immunological and PCR Analyses for Borna Disease Virus in Psychiatric Patients and Blood Donors in Japan

The Association Between Borna Disease Virus and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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