Abrasiveness and whitening effect of charcoal-containing whitening toothpastes in permanent teeth.

Abstract

Background: Charcoal toothpastes can whiten teeth through abrasion. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of whitening and abrasiveness of charcoal toothpastes in permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 premolars were polished, sectioned, mounted, and stored for 5 days in a coffee solution at 37°C. The color and surface profile of the teeth were measured by spectrophotometry and a profilometric device, respectively. The specimens were divided into 3 groups of 10 and were brushed 2000 times (equivalent to 3 times a day for 1.5 months) in a brushing machine using 20 g of each toothpaste (Bencer, Beverly, and Colgate) mixed with 40 ml of distilled water. The color and surface profile were remeasured. Bonferroni test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the abrasion. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the whitening. Results: The three toothpastes caused changes in the surface profile (P = 0.0001). ΔE was equal to 3.3 (within the acceptable range) in all groups (95% confidence interval). There was no significant difference in abrasion (P > 0.05) and color change (P = 0.884) among toothpastes. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that all the three used toothpastes have the abrasive and whitening effect on the samples significantly. The differences between the toothpastes were not significant.

Evaluating the Effect of Active Charcoal-Containing Toothpaste on Color Change, Microhardness, and Surface Roughness of Tooth Enamel and Resin Composite Restorative Materials

“…The higher overall color change of the charcoal-containing toothpaste treated group in enamel samples confirmed the better performance of this toothpaste in enamel as compared to the composite specimens. The obtained value of ΔE in this study was greater than the one found in a similar study performed by Ghajari et al [ 28 ], who reported an average of three for the same Colgate® MAX WHITE. The difference may probably relate to the higher brushing cycles in this study which was more effective in removing pigments, as well as to the difference in human and bovine teeth.…”

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Low-Particle-Size Toothpastes against Extrinsic Pigmentations: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…The development of these products is not straightforward because of the interaction between formulation components; moreover, the active ingredients should maintain their beneficial characteristics during the shelf-life of the paste [ 25 ]. Until now, different studies evaluated the domiciliary effect of activated charcoal on extrinsic pigmentations [ 10 , 15 ].…”

“…Studies have been conducted evaluating the effectiveness of activated charcoal against extrinsic pigmentations in vitro and in vivo [ 15 , 16 ]. The charcoal content in charcoal toothpastes is a fine powder form of activated charcoal that has been oxidized by controlled heating or by chemical treatment.…”

Investigation of Clinical Efficacy of Whitening Toothpaste Based on Silicon Dioxide, Calcium Pyrophosphate and Extracts of Medicinal Plants

“…Подход в каждом случае индивидуальный и комплексный [6,8,11]. Наряду с профессиональными методами отбеливания (офисное, домашнее), для устранения дисколоритов и поддержания естественного цвета зубов существуют различные виды отбеливающих паст [1,3,9,12,15]. Отбеливающий эффект зубных паст может достигаться за счет высокого уровня абразивности (увеличения содержания или увеличения размеров абразивных частиц).…”

“…При регулярном воздействии на зубную поверхность шлифующих частиц эмаль истончается, что может привести к развитию гиперестезии, кариеса и постепенному разрушению зуба [4,5,10,13]. В связи с этим пасты с содержанием низкоабразивного наполнителя являются предпочтительным вариантом выбора [9]. Кроме абразивных компонентов, отбеливающий эффект зубных паст могут вызывать добавленные ферменты или пероксиды, пирофосфаты [7,14,15].…”