Aberrant Parathyroid and Thymus in the Pharynx

Robinson, Mendell; Ferguson, Charles; Flake, Carlyle G.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1959.00730030320008

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The unusual posterior site of several of our cases behind instead of anterior to the carotid artery has been seen (8,14), and a posttracheal extension has been reported (12), although in the mediastinum rather than the neck. Our case 11, situated at the base of the skull to the left of the pharynx, was sited similarly to a previous case (15). The highest site recorded was the middle ear, where a microscopic thymic nodule occurred in a neonate with absent pinna and external auditory canal and normal mediastinal thymus…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Maldescent of the Thymus: 34 Necropsy and 10 Surgical Cases, Including 7 Thymuses Medial to the Mandible

Bale¹,

Sotelo‐Avila²

1993

Pediatric Pathology

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Among 3236 pediatric necropsies over 23 years, abnormal position of thymic tissue was recorded in 34 cases. Cardiac anomalies, predominantly those seen in DiGeorge syndrome, were present in 24; 3 had noncardiac anomalies only, 4 had other diseases, and 3 were sudden infant deaths. Mediastinal thymic tissue was absent in 22 cases, small or unilateral in 7, and normal in 5. The maldescended thymic tissue was unilateral in 18, bilateral in 11, and multiple on one or both sides in 5. It was situated near the thyroid gland in 19, lower in the neck in 6, and higher in 9, including 7 medial to the submandibular salivary gland and 1 at the base of the skull. The maldescended tissue approached the size of a normal lobe of thymus in eight and was 2.4 to 0.1 cm in the remainder. Over the same period, in only two cases was no thymic tissue found. Among 68,000 surgical specimens over 40 years, there were 10 cases of ectopic thymus in the neck, including 1 cutaneous and 4 cystic. This frequency of thymic tissue in the neck may explain why lymphoid tissues are sometimes relatively normal in cases of absent mediastinal thymus and behooves a search in the submandibular salivary gland region and higher before diagnosing thymic agenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Maldescent of the Thymus: 34 Necropsy and 10 Surgical Cases, Including 7 Thymuses Medial to the Mandible

Bale¹,

Sotelo‐Avila²

1993

Pediatric Pathology

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“…Table surveys the literature. Previous observations had been fortuitously made in material removed after surgical manipulations, as in the present instance, or in autopsies. They had been reported before the advent of routine diagnostic immunohistochemistry – hence, the present case is the first wherein PTH immunolocalisation was achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…D) probably reflects fixation artefact. The absence of adipocytes in three cases is attributable to the age of the patients. Oxyphil cells were not seen in the case reported here, but their presence has been noted by other authors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Submucosal, oropharyngeal heterotopia of parathyroid

Triantafyllou

2012

Oral Surgery

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“…Conversely, the thymus may fail to descend and may remain as a cervical thymus.16,'7.21 In addition, nests or strands of ectopic parathyroid and thymic tissue may be found anywhere along the migration pathways of these organs.I0.l2 Accessory thymic tissue has also been reported to originate from the fourth pharyngeal pouch30 and even from the region of the second pouch. 28 An example of incomplete degeneration is the persistent thyroglossal duct. Ordinarily this structure becomes attenuated and regresses, leaving behind at its cranial end only the foramen cecum, and retaining at its caudal end either a pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland or a short fibrous band.…”

Section: Congenital Defects Of the Branchial Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic development of the head and neck: Part 2, the branchial region

Wilson

1979

Head Neck

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The embryology of the branchial (pharyngeal) region is reviewed in terms of the embryonic pharynx, branchial apparatus and derivatives, tongue, larynx, and trachea. Derivatives of the branchial pouches, grooves (clefts), and arches are analyzed in relation to each other and to the first arch syndrome. Other common head and neck defects attributable to abnormal development of the branchial region are also discussed, particularly those defects involving the incomplete degeneration or the abnormal migration of branchial tissues.

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Aberrant Parathyroid and Thymus in the Pharynx

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Maldescent of the Thymus: 34 Necropsy and 10 Surgical Cases, Including 7 Thymuses Medial to the Mandible

Maldescent of the Thymus: 34 Necropsy and 10 Surgical Cases, Including 7 Thymuses Medial to the Mandible

Submucosal, oropharyngeal heterotopia of parathyroid

Embryonic development of the head and neck: Part 2, the branchial region

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