A Universal Two-Dimensional Direction of Arrival Estimation Method Without Parameter Match

Propagator Method using PARAFAC Model for Two Dimensional Source Localization

“…matrix P̂s is not diagonal in the presence of coherent sources. Table 1 shows the complexity in terms of number of FLOPs for major processing steps of the proposed method, universal 2D DOA estimation [10], and joint elevation and azimuth angle estimation [19]. It can be inferred from the table that the proposed method has much lower computational complexity compared to other methods, where N, L, and K denote the number of antenna elements, snapshots of the received signals, and number of sources, respectively.…”

“…To illustrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of complexity compared with other methods in [12], [11], [10], and [19], the case of N = 15, K = 2, and L = 100 is considered and actual FLOPs calculated. Table 2 shows the number of FLOPs required for this case.…”

“…Step 2: Determine the autocorrelation matrix R xx as in (8) and the cross-correlation matrices R yx and R zx as in (9) and (10), respectively.…”

“…The 2-D DOA estimation algorithm reported in [10], estimates the elevation angle based on the polynomial root methods (such as fast root MUSIC or ESPRIT) using a 1-D uniform linear subarray along the z axis. To estimate azimuth angle, it uses the elevation angle estimated earlier and a 2-D uniform linear subarray along the x axis based on a subspace method (such as 2-D MUSIC).…”

“…Similarly, while the method in [16] is accurate in DOA estimation and does not require pair-matching, it suffers from higher computational complexity. Compared with existing methods [10][11][12], [19], the proposed method has lower computational complexity and solves the pairmatching problem with multiple sources. Therefore, significant reduction in computational load and complexity is achieved.…”