A universal interface for plug-and-play assembly of stretchable devices

Jiang, Ying; Ji, Shaobo; Sun, Jing; Huang, Jianping; Li, Yuanheng; Zou, Guijin; Salim, Teddy; Wang, Changxian; Li, Wenlong; Jin, Haoran; Xu, Jie; Wang, Sihong; Lei, Ting; Yan, Xuzhou; Peh, Wendy Yen Xian; Yen, Shih-Cheng; Liu, Zhihua; Yu, Mei; Zhao, Hang; Lu, Zechao; Li, Guanglin; Gao, Huajian; Liu, Zhiyuan; Bao, Zhenan; Chen, Xiaodong

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05579-z

Cited by 167 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The matrix materials for both types and their hybrid systems are usually based on plastic films and soft elastomers, including polyimide (PI), polymeric polydimethylsiloxane, Ecoflex, and styrene-ethylene/butylenestyrene, among others. Some representative examples are shown in Figure 1a, including hybrid devices for sensing electrophysiological (EP) signals, 16 a skin-like optoelectronics for blood pressure monitoring, a shape memory polymer based neural electrode for neuromodulation, organic bioelectronics, and a stretchable diode made of fully rubbery materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Representative examples of flexible electronics based on elastomer/plastics. From left to right, flexible hybrid devices with robust binding interfacing, skin-like optoelectronic system for continuous blood pressure monitor, shape memory polymer based neural electrode for peripheral nerve, epidermic bioelectronics based on organic conductive polymers, and stretchable devices made of fully rubbery diode . Pictures from left to right are referenced as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics

et al. 2023

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Hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for flexible electronics due to their unique properties, such as high water content, softness, and biocompatibility. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the development of hydrogels for flexible electronics, with a focus on three key aspects: mechanical properties, interfacial adhesion, and conductivity. We discuss the principles of designing high-performance hydrogels and present representative examples of their potential applications in the field of flexible electronics for healthcare. Despite significant progress, several challenges remain, including improving the antifatigue capability, enhancing interfacial adhesion, and balancing water content in wet environments. Additionally, we highlight the importance of considering the hydrogel–cell interactions and the dynamic properties of hydrogels in future research. Looking ahead, the future of hydrogels in flexible electronics is promising, with exciting opportunities on the horizon, but continued investment in research and development is necessary to overcome the remaining challenges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics

et al. 2023

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“…First, the inevitable Young's modulus mismatch between the rigid chips and the stretchable interconnection presents a great challenge to the stretchability requirement of the flexible system. 21 Second, the electrical interference propagates through interconnection from the flexible part resulting in a noise performance deterioration of the whole system. Finally, under the application scenario of rigid-soft hybrid electronic system, the drastic and repetitive deformation deteriorates the interconnection adhesion, leading to a sharp degradation of stability and reliability of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that, lots of critical technical problems still require to be solved as follows. First, the inevitable Young’s modulus mismatch between the rigid chips and the stretchable interconnection presents a great challenge to the stretchability requirement of the flexible system . Second, the electrical interference propagates through interconnection from the flexible part resulting in a noise performance deterioration of the whole system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graded Mxene-Doped Liquid Metal as Adhesion Interface Aiming for Conductivity Enhancement of Hybrid Rigid-Soft Interconnection

Chen

Deng

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Hybrid rigid-soft electronic system combines the biocompatibility of stretchable electronics and the computing capacity of silicon-based chips, which has a chance to realize a comprehensive stretchable electronic system with perception, control, and algorithm in near future. However, a reliable rigid-soft interconnection interface is urgently required to ensure both the conductivity and stretchability under a large strain. To settle this demand, this paper proposes a graded Mxene-doped liquid metal (LM) method to achieve a stable solid−liquid composite interconnect (SLCI) between the rigid chip and stretchable interconnect lines. To overcome the surface tension of LM, a high-conductive Mxene is doped for the balance between adhesion and liquidity of LM. And the high-concentration doping could prevent the contact failure with chip pins, while the low-concentration doping tends to maintain the stretchability. Based on this dosage-graded interface structure, the solid light-emitting diode (LED) and other devices integrated into the stretchable hybrid electronic system could achieve an excellent conductivity insensitive to the exerted tensile strain. In addition, the hybrid electronic system is demonstrated for skin-mounted and tire-mounted temperature-test applications under the tensile strain up to 100%. This Mxene-doped LM method aims to obtain a robust interface between rigid components and flexible interconnects by attenuating the inherent Young's modulus mismatch between rigid and flexible systems and makes it a promising candidate for effective interconnection between solid electronics and soft electronics.

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Tissue‐Adhesive Piezoelectric Soft Sensor for In Vivo Blood Pressure Monitoring During Surgical Operation

Wang

Liu

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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The reliable function in vivo of self‐powered implantable bioelectric devices (iBEDs) requires biocompatible, seamless, effective interactions with biological tissues. Herein, an implantable tissue‐adhesive piezoelectric soft sensor (TPSS), in which the piezoelectric sensor converts biomechanical signals into electrical signals, and the adhesive hydrogel (AH) strengthens this conversion by seamlessly adhering the sensor on the wet and curvilinear surface, is proposed. The optimized AH exhibits strong adhesion to various organic or inorganic surfaces, including six commonly used engineering materials and three biological tissues. As a pressure sensor, TPSS proves good in vitro electrical performance with a high output of 8.3 V, long‐term stability of over 6000 cycles, and high energy power density of 186.9 µW m−2. In a large animal experiment, TPSS seamlessly adheres to the right‐side internal carotid artery of a Yorkshire pig to monitor blood pressure during a surgical operation. Compared to commercial sensors that work by inserting into tissues, TPSS does not cause any damage and can be peeled off after service. The integration of adhesive hydrogel and self‐powered pressure sensors enables biocompatible, seamless, and more efficient interactions between the biological system and iBEDs, which also contributes to next‐generation implantable bioelectronics with features of battery‐free, intelligent, and accurate.

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A universal interface for plug-and-play assembly of stretchable devices

Cited by 167 publications

References 47 publications

Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics

Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics

Graded Mxene-Doped Liquid Metal as Adhesion Interface Aiming for Conductivity Enhancement of Hybrid Rigid-Soft Interconnection

Tissue‐Adhesive Piezoelectric Soft Sensor for In Vivo Blood Pressure Monitoring During Surgical Operation

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