A unique pathway to platform chemicals: aldaric acids as stable intermediates for the synthesis of furandicarboxylic acid esters

Abstract

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has received attention as an emerging bio-based building block with many applications, especially in renewable polyesters. The common route to FDCA uses the unstable 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as...

Chemoenzymatic conversion of furfural to methyl‐2‐furotate

“…The calculated K e at each T is listed in Table 3, and it was found that K e increased with T. The relationship between K e and T agreed well with the Van't Hoff equation, as shown in Eqn (9):…”

“…Consequently, lignocellulose is being considered as one of the most promising candidates to replace traditional fossil hydrocarbons as the primary source of stock materials in industry 3–5 . Furfural (FF) is one of the essential platform compounds derived from lignocellulose, and several important commodity chemicals can be prepared through its oxidation, ring‐opening, esterification, hydrogenation, halogenation, and polymerization 6–10 …”

“…[3][4][5] Furfural (FF) is one of the essential platform compounds derived from lignocellulose, and several important commodity chemicals can be prepared through its oxidation, ringopening, esterification, hydrogenation, halogenation, and polymerization. [6][7][8][9][10] Furfural and methanol are known to form methyl-2-furoate (MF) in the presence of both catalyst and oxidant. Methyl-2furoate is a key fine chemical and its use ranges from being an explosion-proof additive in gasoline to an antitumor drug.…”

Application of sugar-containing biomass: one-step synthesis of 2-furylglyoxylic acid and its derivatives from a vitamin C precursor

“…22–24 The third type comprises sugar acids, such as 5-keto- l -galactonic acid and galactaric acid, which can be used to prepare the bio-based platform compounds 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA, O/C = 0.67) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA, O/C = 0.83). 25,26 Further oxidation of FFCA and FDCA is easier due to their natural carboxyl groups.…”

Synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester from galactaric acid via dimethyl carbonate chemistry

“…19 More recently, silica-supported sulfonic acids were also employed for converting Gal into a mixture of 2-furanmonocarboxylates and 2,5-furandicarboxylates. 20 Under the best-found reaction conditions FDCA butyl esters were achieved in a twostep approach (Scheme 2a) encompassing galactaric acid esterification in the presence of butanol (24 h) followed by its cyclisation/aromatization reaction at 220 °C (4 h). FDCA esters were achieved in 80% yield, although this value includes the mono and dibutyl furandicarboxylates.…”