A two-factor model of rotation-induced motion sickness syndrome in squirrel monkeys

Wilpizeski, Chester R.; Lowry, Louis D.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0709(87)80012-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…If the visual signal was masked from squirrel monkeys by an eye patch, vomiting did not occur. In the observations of vomiting, however, at least two factors must be considered: (1) objective and observable vomiting and (2) subjective nausea [150,151]. …”

Section: Motion Sickness or Space Motion Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No difference was observed in the rating score across various ages of adult squirrel monkeys [15,176]. Another study was performed on the adaptation of Bolivian squirrel monkeys to motion sickness [149,150]. Horizontal rotatory stimulation (30.5 rpm, 1-2 h/d) applied every day lengthened the latency to vomiting in more than half the squirrel monkeys tested.…”

Section: Behavioral and Psychological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the medial vestibular nucleus, which is important to the vestibulo-collic reflex, the progression indices are capuchin monkey (348), squirrel monkey (369), rhesus monkey (262), chimpanzee (224), gorilla (152), and man (247). Concerning the lateral vestibular nucleus, which projects to the spinal cord and cerebellum, the indices are capuchin monkey (347), squirrel monkey (545), rhesus monkey (321), chimpanzee (135), gorilla (150), and man (210). It can be seen that the squirrel monkey has the largest progression index, except for the superior vestibular nucleus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Squirrel Monkeys and Space Motion Sickness

Matsunami¹

2002

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Section: Motion Sickness or Space Motion Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral and Psychological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Squirrel Monkeys and Space Motion Sickness

Matsunami¹

2002

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Conditioned taste aversion and motion sickness in cats and squirrel monkeys

Fox¹,

Corcoran²,

Brizzee³

1990

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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The relationship between vomiting and conditioned taste aversion was studied in intact cats and squirrel monkeys and in cats and squirrel monkeys in which the area postrema was ablated by thermal cautery. In cats conditioned 7 – 12 months after ablation of the area postrema, three successive treatments with xylazine failed to produce either vomiting or conditioned taste aversion to a novel fluid. Intact cats, however, vomited and formed a conditioned aversion. In squirrel monkeys conditioned 6 months after ablation of the area postrema, three treatments with lithium chloride failed to produce conditioned taste aversion. Intact monkeys did condition with these treatments. Neither intact nor ablated monkeys vomited or evidenced other signs of illness when injected with lithium chloride. When the same ablated cats and monkeys were exposed to a form of motion that produced vomiting prior to surgery, conditioned taste aversion was produced and some animals vomited. These findings confirm other studies indicating motion can produce vomiting in animals with the area postrema destroyed and demonstrate that motion-induced conditioned taste aversion can be produced after ablation of the area postrema. The utility of conditioned taste aversion as a measure of subemetic motion sickness is discussed by examining agreement and disagreement between identifications of motion sickness by conditioned taste aversion and vomiting. It is suggested that a convincing demonstration of the utility of conditioned taste aversion as a measure of nausea requires the identification of physiological correlates of nausea, and caution should be exercised when attempting to interpret conditioned taste aversion as a measure of nausea.Key words: area postrema, conditioned taste aversion, motion sickness, nausea, emesis.

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Squirrel Monkey

Matsunami

1997

Biol. Sci. Space

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Investigation of the vestibulo-ocular system of the squirrel monkey was reviewed in consideration of space motion sickness (SMS), or which is recently more often termed as space adaptation syndrome (SAS). Since the first launching of the space satellite, Sputnik [correction of Sputonik] in October 1957, many experiments were carried out in biological and medical fields. A various kind of creatures were used as experimental models from protozoa to human beings. Rats and monkeys are most favorite animals, particularly the non-human primate seems to be the one, because of its phylogenetic relatives akin to the human beings. Chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, pig tailed-monkeys, red-faced monkeys and squirrel monkeys have been used mostly in American space experiments. Russian used rhesus monkeys. Among these, however, the squirrel monkey has an advantage of the small size of the body, ranging from 600- l000g in adult. This small size as a primate is very advantageous in experiments conducted in a narrow room of the space satellite or shuttle because of its space-saving. The squirrel monkey has another advantage to rear easily as is demonstrated to keep it as a pet. Accordingly, this petit animal provides us a good animal model in biological and medical experiments in space craft. The size of the brain of the squirrel monkey is extraordinary large relative to the body size, which is even superior to that of the human beings. This is partly owed to enlargement of the occipito-temporal cortices, which are forced to well develop for processing a huge amount of audio-visual information indispensable to the arboreal habitant to survive in tropical forest. The vestibular system of the squirrel monkey seems to be the most superior as well, when judged from it relative size of the vestibular nuclear complex. Balancing on swinging twigs or jumping from tree to tree developed the capability of this equilibrium system. Fernandez, Goldberg and his collaborators used the squirrel monkey to elucidate functions of the peripheral vestibular system. A transfer function was proposed to explain the behaviors of regular and irregular unit activity of vestibular nerve fibers. The physiologic characteristics of the second order vestibular neuron was investigated in combination of electrophysiological and micro-morphological way, with using WGA-HRP methods, in relation to somato-motor and eye movements. Interconnections between vestibular neurons and cerebellum, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, oculomotor nuclear complex, superior colliculus and cervical spinal cord were elucidated. In physiological field of the vestibular system, the vestibulo-ocular reflex is well studied and results obtained from the squirrel monkey experiments were reviewed. The squirrel monkey, particularly the Bolivian, is a unique animal in that it is vulnerable to motion sickness induced by visual-motion stimulation with phase mismatch of the two stimuli. Experimental results of labyrinthectomy or bilateral ablation of the maculae staticae led to the conclusion that both s...

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A two-factor model of rotation-induced motion sickness syndrome in squirrel monkeys

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Squirrel Monkeys and Space Motion Sickness

Squirrel Monkeys and Space Motion Sickness

Conditioned taste aversion and motion sickness in cats and squirrel monkeys

Squirrel Monkey

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