A Twist to the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test: an Accessible Laboratory Experiment Comparing Haloferax volcanii and Escherichia coli Antibiotic Susceptibility to Highlight the Unique Cell Biology of Archaea

Abstract

Archaea, once thought to only live in extreme environments, are present in many ecosystems, including the human microbiome, and they play important roles ranging from nutrient cycling to bioremediation. Yet this domain is often overlooked in microbiology classes and rarely included in laboratory exercises.

Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against Kosakonia sacchari causing diseases on a Vietnamese climbing perch (Anabas testudineus)

“…Plant extracts, including Ex1, Ex2, Ex3, Ex4, and Ex5 (with an initial concentration of 100 µg/ml) were evaluated for antibacterial activity through the agar well diffusion assay using four bacterial type strains and a strain of K. sacchari at a spread concentration of 1.5 × 10 8 CFU/ml according to Kirby-Bauer's instructions [26,27]. The ampicillin and erythromycin were used as internal control.…”