A Theoretical Framework for Data Analysis of Wind Dispersal of Seeds and Pollen

Ōkubo, Akira; Levin, Simon A.

doi:10.2307/1937537

Cited by 408 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…A common explanation of this fact is that a reduction in canopy density can enhance within-stand air movements (Okubo and Levin, 1989) and pollen being carried over larger distances (Di-Giovanni and Kevan, 1991;Lindgren et al, 1995). However, the pollen dispersal distances obtained in our study for Talayuelas (d ¼ 174.4 m and 1068 trees per hectare) and Landete (d ¼ 78.4 m and 810 trees per hectare) were not consistent with this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Mating system and pollen gene flow in Mediterranean maritime pine

et al. 2008

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Mating systems define the mode of gene transmission across generations, helping to determine the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of plant species. A hierarchical analysis of Mediterranean maritime pine mating system (61 mother trees from 24 plots, clustered in three populations) was used to identify factors affecting mating patterns and to fit pollen dispersal kernels. Levels of ovule and seed abortion, multi-and single-locus outcrossing rates and correlated paternity were estimated from progeny arrays and correlated with ecological stand variables and biometric tree measures. Pollen dispersal kernels were fitted using TwoGener and KinDist indirect methods and simulations were carried out to identify relevant factors affecting correlated paternity. Maritime pine showed high outcrossing rates (t m and t s B0.96) and relatively low levels of correlated paternity [an r p of 0.018 (Ritland's estimate) or 0.048 (Hardy's estimate)], although higher than in other anemophilous tree species. Mating system parameters had high variation at the single-tree level (99-100%) but no stand or population effect was detected. At the single-tree level, outcrossing rates were correlated with tree (diameter and height) and crown size. In addition, correlated paternity showed a significant negative correlation with tree height, height to crown base and height to the largest crown width, probably reflecting the importance of the trees' 'ecological neighborhoods'. Indirectly estimated pollen dispersal kernels were very leptokurtic (exponential-power distributions with b50.5), with mean dispersal distances from 78.4 to 174.4 m. Fitted dispersal kernels will be useful in building explicit simulation models that include dispersal functions, and which will contribute to current conservation and management programs for maritime pine. Nevertheless, the numerical simulations showed that restricted dispersal, male fertility and phenological overlap could only partially explain the observed levels of correlated paternity; so other factors may also be relevant for the management of this valuable forest tree species.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Mating system and pollen gene flow in Mediterranean maritime pine

et al. 2008

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“…To understand the evolution of wind dispersal, some models have been proposed based on physical factors that affect the aerodynamic ability of diaspores, such as wind speed and direction and height of release (Okubo & Levin 1989;Levin et al 2003). Different diaspores formats respond unequally to these factors, which act as selective pressures in the anemochorous fruits and seeds, since they influence the distance they are transported (Levin et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of seed dispersal in the Cerrado biome: ecological and phylogenetic considerations

Kuhlmann

Ribeiro

2016

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Th e investigation of the phylogeny of a group of organisms has the potential to identify ecological and evolutionary processes that have been occurring within a community. Seed dispersal is a key process in the life cycle of vegetation and refl ects diff erent reproductive strategies of plants to a set of ecological and evolutionary factors. Knowing the dispersal syndromes and fruits types of a plant community may help elucidate plant-animal interactions and colonization strategies of plants. We investigated dispersal syndromes and fruit types in Cerrado formations as a parameter for understanding the evolution of angiosperm reproductive strategies in this mega-diverse tropical biome. To do this we identifi ed and mapped the distribution of diff erent parameters associated with seed dispersal on a phylogeny of Cerrado angiosperms genera and tested the presence of phylogenetic signal. Th e results showed that there were strong relationships between fruit types, seed dispersal strategies and vegetation life forms and that these traits were closely related to angiosperms phylogeny and, together, contribute to the evolution of plants in the forest, savanna and grassland formations of the Cerrado biome.

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“…The same spatial and demographic features peculiar to small isolated stands, which pose evident experimental advantages, must be carefully considered as factors conditioning target reproductive processes. Airborne pollen dynamics in forested areas may be highly affected by wind turbulences associated with horizontal and vertical canopy structure (Di-Giovanni and Kevan, 1991), and it has been suggested that low-density populations may enhance pollen movement (Okubo and Levin, 1989). However, the study site is located within a uniform, flat and continuous forest of several thousand hectares.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of pollen dispersal in a small population of Pinus sylvestris L. revealed by total-exclusion paternity analysis

2004

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Patterns of pollen dispersal were investigated in a small, isolated, relict population of Pinus sylvestris L., consisting of 36 trees. A total-exclusion battery comprising four chloroplast and two nuclear microsatellites (theoretical paternity exclusion probability EP ¼ 0.996) was used to assign paternity to 813 seeds, collected from 34 trees in the stand. Longdistance pollen immigration accounted for 4.3% of observed matings. Self-fertilization rate was very high (0.25), compared with typical values in more widespread populations of the species. The average effective pollen dispersal distance within the stand was 48 m (or 83 m excluding selfs). Half of effective pollen was dispersed within 11 m, and 7% beyond 200 m. A strong correlation was found between the distance to the closest tree and the mean mating-distance calculated for single-tree progenies. The effective pollen dispersal distribution showed a leptokurtic shape, with a large and significant departure from that expected under uniform dispersal. A maximum-likelihood procedure was used to fit an individual pollen dispersal distance probability density function (dispersal kernel). The estimated kernel indicated fairly leptokurtic dispersal (shape parameter b ¼ 0.67), with an average pollen dispersal distance of 135 m, and 50% of pollen dispersed beyond 30 m. A marked directionality pattern of pollen dispersal was found, mainly caused by the uneven distribution of trees, coupled with restricted dispersal and unequal male success. Overall, results show that the number and distribution of potential pollen donors in small populations may strongly influence the patterns of effective pollen dispersal. Heredity (2005) 94, 13-22.

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A Theoretical Framework for Data Analysis of Wind Dispersal of Seeds and Pollen

Cited by 408 publications

References 28 publications

Mating system and pollen gene flow in Mediterranean maritime pine

Mating system and pollen gene flow in Mediterranean maritime pine

Evolution of seed dispersal in the Cerrado biome: ecological and phylogenetic considerations

Patterns of pollen dispersal in a small population of Pinus sylvestris L. revealed by total-exclusion paternity analysis

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