“…8 They have been used as biomarkers and therapeutic agents, and provide alternative elements for ligand recognition in diagnosis and detection systems as compared to antibodies. 9 Meanwhile, all kinds of targets have been detected based on aptamers recently, including bacteria, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), proteins, cells, ions, molecules, [10][11][12][13][14][15] etc. In short, aptamers have extensive application prospects in detection and therapy elds.…”