A target-responsive autonomous aptamer machine biosensor for enzyme-free and sensitive detection of protein biomarkers

Abstract

Target-triggered operation of an aptamer machine leads to amplified and highly sensitive detection of protein biomarkers.

Aptamer-Based Detection of Circulating Targets for Precision Medicine

“…In this technique, the peak positions and intensities of fluorescence spectra can be readily read out to identify target types and quantify their concentrations. Generally, target−aptamer interaction induces structural and conformational changes in activatable aptamer fluorescent probes, leading to quenching, 461,581 recovery, 331,568,582,583 and amplification of fluorescence. 27,379,453,455,457,470,565 The alteration of fluorescence intensity can be measured via fluorescence spectrometry for quantitative detection of protein markers, 565,568,581,582 miRNAs, 584,585 EVs, 27,331,379,455,457,470,583 and tumor cells.…”

“…In this technique, the peak positions and intensities of fluorescence spectra can be readily read out to identify target types and quantify their concentrations. Generally, target–aptamer interaction induces structural and conformational changes in activatable aptamer fluorescent probes, leading to quenching, , recovery, ,,, and amplification of fluorescence. ,,,,,, The alteration of fluorescence intensity can be measured via fluorescence spectrometry for quantitative detection of protein markers, ,,, miRNAs, , EVs, ,,,,,, and tumor cells. , In addition, when fluorophore-labeled aptamers bind to CTs, the fluorescence intensity can be accurately detected for quantitative analysis after separation of excess fluorescent tags …”

Biosensors Made of Synthetic Functional Nucleic Acids Toward Better Human Health

“…A large proportion of aptasensors that were described in 2018 and 2019 were for general cancer biomarkers, meaning they were biomarkers that were useful for multiple cancer types. Biomarkers that were examined include PDGF-BB (LODs, 0.13 nM, 0.08 ng/mL, 0.52 nM, and 3.2 pM), − VEGF (LODs, 0.3 fM and 12 pM), − CD70 (LOD, 14 cells/mL), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), nucleolin, ,,, ATP (LOD, 0.01 pM), , epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, LODs, 5.64 fg/mL, 0.7 ng/mL, and 0.1 ng/mL), − MCF-7 cells (LOD, 61 cells/mL), telomerase (LOD, 100 cells), thymidine kinase 1 (LOD, 54 pg/mL), miRNA let-7a (LOD, 5.12 aM), cytochrome C (LOD, 25.90 nM), lysozyme (LOD, 0.94 nM), mucin 1 (LOD, 0.13 ng/mL), , epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM, LODs, 10 pM and 20 pg/mL), , N -glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc, LOD, 10 ng/mL), and CD63 exosome surface protein (LODs, 32 exosomes/μL, 73 exosomes/μL, 203 exosomes/μL). − The usefulness of many of these biosensors was evaluated in complex matrices, such as whole blood, serum, or cell lysate, or in the presence of whole cells. The strength of each of these biosensors is their diverse application to multiple cancers.…”

Nanomaterial based aptasensors for clinical and environmental diagnostic applications

“…12,13 These receptors called aptamers (a term with Latin and Greek origins: aptus meaning t and meros meaning part) have shown notable moldable selectivity for diverse target analytes, ranging from small inorganic molecules, ions, sugars, proteins, and viruses to cells. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Such a varied target range is lacking in antibody generation due to the restriction of target receptor exposure in their native forms. This is more evident in whole cells where the surface antigens contain certain hidden trans-membrane regions, a fact which is generally not accounted for during the maturation of antibodies.…”