A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and predictors of anemia among children in Ethiopia

Gebrie, Alemu; Alebel, Animut

doi:10.4314/ahs.v20i4.59

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…In order to turn on the health loss due to anemia in children, UNICEF and WHO jointly recommended adequate breastfeeding practices [ 67 ]. But the finding of this study is inconsistent with a systematic review and meta-analysis study conducted in Ethiopia [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Mothers with informal education were 53% more likely to have child with anemia. This finding is in line with a systematic review and meta-analysis study conducted in Ethiopia [ 64 ]. This might be because mothers with no formal education may not understand the introduction of scientifically sound feeding practices and are less likely to follow the recommended child feeding practices [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tadesse

Zerga

Mekonnen

et al. 2022

Anemia

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Introduction. Globally, anemia among under-five children is a serious public health problem. Even if there are pocket studies here and there, there is limited evidence on the pooled prevalence of anemia among under-five children in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of anemia. Methods and Analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was done following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was made in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, HINARI, and Ethiopian Journal of Health Development for studies published since 2009. It was supplemented with Google Scholar search. Study selection, data extraction, and quality of studies were assessed by eight reviewers. The Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistic were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. A random-effects model of DerSimonian-Laird method was used. Result. A total of 37 articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among under-five children in Africa was 59% (95% CI: 55, 63). Being female (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.87), maternal education (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.31, 1.66), residence (AOR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.95), and family size (AOR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.98) were the determinants of anemia among African under-five children. Conclusion and Recommendation. This pooled study revealed that anemia was a severe public health problem. Sex, maternal education, residence, and family size were the determinants of anemia. Therefore, anemia prevention strategy should include sex consideration, educating mothers through youth education, area specific intervention, and encouraging birth spacing.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tadesse

Zerga

Mekonnen

et al. 2022

Anemia

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“…According to studies reported on the prevalence and associated factors of anemia, the prevalence of anemia has significant variation across regions in Ethiopia [ 7 , 28 – 34 ]. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate spatial regression analysis of anemia and its associated factors among children aged 6–59 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic weighted regression analysis of hot spots of anemia and its associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: A geographic weighted regression analysis and multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis

et al. 2021

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Introduction Anemia among children aged 6–59 months remains a major public health problem in low-and high-income countries including Ethiopia. Anemia is associated with significant consequences on the health of children such as under-five morbidity and mortality, increased risk of infection, and poor academic performance. The prevalence of anemia in Ethiopia has varied across areas. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the geographic weighted regression analysis of anemia and its associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia. Methods This study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total weighted sample of 8482 children aged 6–59 months was included. For the spatial analysis, Arc-GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software were used. Spatial regression was done to identify factors associated with the hotspots of anemia and model comparison was based on adjusted R2 and Corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc). For the associated factors, the multilevel robust Poisson regression was fitted since the prevalence of anemia was greater than 10%. Variables with a p-value < 0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis, the adjusted prevalence ratio with the 95% confidence interval was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association. Results The prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months was 57.56% (95%CI: 56.50%, 58.61%) with significant spatial variation across regions in Ethiopia. The significant hot spot areas of anemia among children aged 6–59 months were detected in the central, west, and east Afar, Somali, Dire Dawa, Harari, and northwest Gambella regions. Mothers who had anemia, a child aged 23–59 months, mothers aged 15–19 years, and coming from a household with a poorer or poorest household were significant predictors of the spatial variations of anemia among children aged 6–59 months. In the multilevel robust Poisson analysis, born to mothers aged 30–39 (APR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.92) and 40–49 years (APR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.83), mothers who didn’t have formal education (APR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20), Children in the poorest household wealth index (APR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.29), being 4–6 (APR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13) and above 6 order of birth (APR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.23), children born to anemic mothers (APR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.29), children aged 24–59 months (APR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.73), stunted children (APR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) and underweight children (APR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.13) were significantly associated with anemia among children aged 6–59 months. Conclusion and recommendation Anemia is still a public health problem for children in Ethiopia. Residing in a geographic area where a high proportion of children born to mothers aged 15–19 years, a child aged 6–23 months, coming from a household with poorer or poorest wealth index, and mothers with anemia increased the risk of experiencing anemia among children aged 6–59 months. Maternal education, maternal age, child age, household wealth, stunting, underweight, birth order, and maternal anemia were significant predictors of anemia among children. The detailed map of anemia hot spots among children aged 6–59 months and its predictors could assist program planners and decision-makers to design targeted public health interventions.

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“…This study contrasts with Gebrie's research which shows that mothers without formal education have a 1.3 times higher risk of anemia than those with formal education. 26 Educated mothers will give more attention to infants' health care and provide a variety of nutritious and iron-rich foods. 27,28 Simbauranga et al stated that there is a relationship between maternal employment and the incidence of IDA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Reference Range of Complete Blood Count, Reticulocyte Parameters in Infants Aged 9–11 Months

Ringoringo¹

2022

IJGM

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Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is still a major global health problem. Determination of reference ranges for complete blood count (CBC), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and reticulocyte production index (RPI) are essential to help diagnose a disease. Purpose The study aims to know the prevalence of IDA, risk factors that influence it, and set a reference range for CBC and reticulocyte parameters in infants aged 9–11 months in Indonesia. Patients and Methods The study was conducted prospectively at 10 Community Health Centers in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, from August 2020 to August 2021. Results This study recruited 100 healthy infants (47% boys, 53% girls) aged 9–11 months. The prevalence of IDA was 32%. There is no association between IDA prevalence with the mother’s education and occupation, maternal parity, family income, and infant nutritional status (p > 0.05). The reference range for hemoglobin (Hb) at P2.5-P97.5, P3-P97, P5-P95 and mean ± 2SD was 11.06 to 14.34 g/dL, 11.10 to 14.31 g/dL, 11.13 to 13.90 g/dL and 10.57 to 13.65 g/dL, respectively. This study also defined the reference ranges for reticulocyte parameters. Conclusion The reference range of CBC, Ret-He, IRF, and RPI for healthy infants aged 9–11 months in this study can be used as a benchmark.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and predictors of anemia among children in Ethiopia

Cited by 15 publications

References 94 publications

Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Geographic weighted regression analysis of hot spots of anemia and its associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: A geographic weighted regression analysis and multilevel robust Poisson regression analysis

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Reference Range of Complete Blood Count, Reticulocyte Parameters in Infants Aged 9–11 Months

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