Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tadesse, Sisay Eshete; Zerga, Aregash Abebayehu; Mekonnen, Tefera Chane; Tadesse, Abay Woday; Hussien, Foziya Mohammed; Feleke, Yitbarek Wasihun; Yalew, Melaku; Ayele, Fanos Yeshanew

doi:10.1155/2022/1382940

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…[ 51 ] The reason for this might be the relative homogeneity of the study population. In particular, the mother’s education level was not found to be a determinant of child anemia in contrast to existing evidence [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 21 , 52 , 53 ]. However, this is in line with findings from our main study on the determinants of anemia among Syrian mothers, previous studies conducted in Lebanon among Lebanese children aged 11 to 75 months of age and Lebanese women of reproductive age whereby the authors could not find any associations between socio-economic variables and the hematological status of the respective study participants [ 18 , 52 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Anemia among Syrian Refugee Children Aged 6 to 23 Months Living in Greater Beirut, Lebanon, including the Voices of Mothers’ and Local Healthcare Staff: A Mixed-Methods Study

et al. 2023

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Globally, the prevalence of anemia among children during the period of complementary feeding is high. A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study was conducted to examine the main determinants of anemia among Syrian refugee children aged 6 to 23 months (n = 215) and to illuminate the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of their mothers and Lebanese healthcare staff on its causes and available treatment options. 42% of the children and 20% of their mothers were anemic. Determinants of child anemia were the mother having anemia or not knowing that fish/seafood is a source of iron; the child having been acutely ill the last two weeks or receiving cow’s milk, but not consuming iron-rich infant formula, added fats/oils, or fruits in the previous 24 hours. Several Syrian mothers knew some causes of anemia and named dizziness as a leading symptom but did not mention flesh foods as a key source of heme iron. They reported financial constraints in accessing iron-rich foods and supplements. Lebanese doctors largely gave appropriate dietary advice and prescribed iron supplements as treatment. Multisectoral interventions are needed that combine medical and financial support with nutrition counseling for mothers to reduce the high burden of anemia among young children living in a multiple crises situation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Anemia among Syrian Refugee Children Aged 6 to 23 Months Living in Greater Beirut, Lebanon, including the Voices of Mothers’ and Local Healthcare Staff: A Mixed-Methods Study

et al. 2023

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“…The risk of anemia was found to be higher in children below two years, male children, children born to adolescent mothers, children born to non-Christian homes, children whose mothers were not covered with health insurance, leaving in either upper west or central region and children born to families of poorer households. Our ndings' revealed anemia was prevalent among 54% of children under ve, an estimate lower than 76.6% in Sub-Sahara Africa [33] but reasonably higher in other sub-Sahara Africa countries [13,34] and global estimates of 40.0% in 2019 [16,35]. Although the World Health Organization considers anemia prevalence greater than 40% as a severe public health problem, ndings from this study and another study showed that Ghana's anemia prevalence in children under-ve years has reduced from 78% in 2008 to 66% in 2014 and further to 54% in 2019 which implies anemia intervention control programs implemented are gradually in uencing the population [36].…”

Section: Factors Associated With Anemia In Children Under-ve From The...mentioning

confidence: 47%

“…In addition, increase in household size was found to be associated with increased risk of anemia among children. This is supported by ndings from elsewhere in Ethiopia [42] and a systematic review in Africa [13]. Reducing household crowding, improving toilet and water facilities helped in reducing the risk of anemia in children underve years [34].…”

Section: Factors Associated With Anemia In Children Under-ve From The...mentioning

confidence: 87%

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Anemia prevalence and its predictors among children under-five years in Ghana. A multilevel analysis of the 2019 Ghana malaria indicator survey

Aheto

Alhassan

Puplampu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Despite the implementation of anemia control interventions in Ghana, prevalence of anemia is still high in children under-five years although it has reduced by 24% between 2008 and 2019. Further reducing the prevalence of anemia requires identifying and targeting critical risk factors associated to anemia. This study seeks to identify predictors of anemia among children under-five years in Ghana. Data from 2019 Ghana MIS was analyzed using both fixed and random effect logistic regression models. Among the 2434 children under-five years, 54% (95% CI 52.0, 57.0) of them were anemic. In the multivariable multilevel model, the risk of anemia was found to be higher in younger children, children who had malaria, children whose mothers were not covered for health insurance, adolescent mothers’, non-Christian mothers and poorer households. Significant unobserved community level effects in anemia prevalence were observed. We observed high prevalence of anemia in children under-five and critical risk factors at the child, household, and community levels in this population of children. Multifaceted and targeted approaches are needed to help reduce the anemia prevalence in this setting so as to achieve multiple SDGs which are related to risk and prevalence of anemia by 2030.

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“…Since timely detection and treatment of anemia improves population health outcomes, physical capacity building, and well-being, resulting in increased economic growth. 18 The major contribution to this study is the use and combination of three (3) different dataset, that is, the conjunctiva of the eye, palpable palm and color of the fingernail images for the detection of iron deficiency anemia. In addition, this study compared the performance of five (5) machine learning models while most studies applied a single model or two to detect anemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency anemia detection using machine learning models: A comparative study of fingernails, palm and conjunctiva of the eye images

Asare

Appiahene

Donkoh

et al. 2023

Engineering Reports

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Anemia is one of the global public health challenges that particularly affect children and pregnant women. A study by WHO indicates that 42% of children below the age of 6 and 40% of pregnant women worldwide are anemic. This affects the world's total population by 33%, due to the cause of iron deficiency. The non‐invasive technique, such as the use of machine learning algorithms is one of the methods used in the diagnosis or detection of clinical diseases, which anemia detection cannot be overlooked in recent days. In this study, a machine learning approach was used to detect iron‐deficiency anemia with the application of Naïve Bayes, CNN, SVM, k‐NN, and decision tree algorithms. This enabled us to compare the conjunctiva of the eyes, the palpable palm, and the color of the fingernail images to justify which of them has a higher accuracy for detecting anemia in children. The method utilized was categorized into three different stages: dataset collection, dataset preprocessing, and model development for anemia detection. The CNN achieved a higher accuracy of 99.12%, while the SVM had the least accuracy of 95.4%. The performance of the models justifies that the non‐invasive approach is an effective mechanism for anemia detection.

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Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Anemia among Syrian Refugee Children Aged 6 to 23 Months Living in Greater Beirut, Lebanon, including the Voices of Mothers’ and Local Healthcare Staff: A Mixed-Methods Study

Anemia among Syrian Refugee Children Aged 6 to 23 Months Living in Greater Beirut, Lebanon, including the Voices of Mothers’ and Local Healthcare Staff: A Mixed-Methods Study

Anemia prevalence and its predictors among children under-five years in Ghana. A multilevel analysis of the 2019 Ghana malaria indicator survey

Iron deficiency anemia detection using machine learning models: A comparative study of fingernails, palm and conjunctiva of the eye images

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