Latar belakang. Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gizi di Indonesia. Survei kesehatan rumah tangga (SKRT) tahun 2001 menunjukkan prevalensi ADB pada bayi kurang dari 1 tahun 55%. Tujuan. Mengetahui insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, dan anemia defisiensi besi pada bayi berusia kurang dari 1 tahun. Metode. Desain penelitian adalah studi kohort prospektif dengan pembanding eksternal. Dijumpai 211 bayi ikut dalam penelitian, terdiri dari 143 bayi lahir dari ibu tanpa anemia dan 68 bayi lahir dari ibu dengan anemia. Pemeriksaan darah tepi lengkap, gambaran darah tepi, feritin, saturasi transferin (ST) dilakukan saat bayi berusia 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 12 bulan. Diagnosis ADB berdasarkan 1) kadar hemoglobin <14g/dL untuk usia 0-3 hari, <11g/dL usia 1 bulan, <10g/dL usia 2-6 bulan, <11g/dL usia 6-12 bulan, 2) mikrositik dan atau hipokrom, 3) kadar hemoglobin meningkat setelah diberi terapi besi, 4) feritin <12 ug/L usia 6-12 bulan, 5) RDW >14%, 6) Indeks Mentzer >13; 7) Indeks RDW >220. Deplesi besi bila ST <30% untuk usia 0-1 bulan, ST <21% untuk usia 2-6 bulan, feritin<20 ug/L usia 6-12 bulan. Defisiensi besi bila ST <20% usia 0-1 bulan, ST <16% usia 2-6 bulan, feritin <12 ug/L usia 6-12 bulan. Hasil. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB berturut-turut 11,4%, 7,6%, 47,4%, tertinggi pada bayi berusia 0 bulan, yaitu berturut-turut 9,5%, 14,2%, 11,8%. Kesimpulan. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB paling tinggi dijumpai pada bayi berusia 0 bulan.
Background Thalassemia is a monogenic disease, yet the clini-cal manifestations (phenotype) are variable although they havethe same genotype. The clear-cut correlation between genotypeand phenotype in β-thalassaemia/HbE patients remains unex-plained. There are several factors that play a role in the severity ofthe clinical manifestations, i.e. two alpha-gene deletion, homozy-gote Xmn1 polymorphism +/+, -+-++, ++-++ haplotype, and hemo-globin Constant Spring.Objective To understand the clinical diversity of patients with HbE/α thalassemia and to determine whether it is possible to predictphenotypic severity from genetic factors.Methods A descriptive study on clinical presentations and hema-tological data of beta-HbE thalassemia patients. DNA analysis wasperformed to detect β-thalassemia mutations and the amelioratingfactors (alpha-globin genes deletions and Xmn1 restriction site poly-morphism at position –158 upstream of the G γ-globin gene) whichwere already known.Results Thirty patients with HbE/β thalassemia (4 to 29 years old)were recruited. IVS1-nt5 (G>C) severe β + mutation was detectedin 20 patients. Eighteen of 20 patients with positive IVS1-nt5 mu-tation group were heterozygous for Xmn1 restriction site polymor-phism and none of the patients was co-inherited with two á-globingene deletion. Almost all patients (19/20) with positive IVS1-nt5mutation group required regular transfusions, yet the mean age atfirst blood transfusion was older in negative IVS1-nt5 mutation groupthan that of positive IVS1-nt5 mutation group (5.7 vs 4 years). Meanhemoglobin before initial transfusion was higher in negative IVS1-nt5 mutation group than that of positive IVS1-nt5 mutation group(5.88 vs 5.39 g/dl). The mean total transfusion per year was lowerin the negative IVS1-nt5 mutation group than that of positive IVS1-nt5 mutation group (190.6 vs 215.1 ml/year).Conclusions Beta-HbE thalassemia patients with identical betathalassemia mutation (IVS1-nt5) show remarkable clinical diver-sity. Neither two alpha-gene deletion, nor the Xmn1- G γ polymor-phism can explain the phenotypic variation. Other amelioratingdeterminants or genetic modifications responsible for the variableclinical severity remain to be explored.
Latar belakang. Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gizi di Indonesia. Survei kesehatan rumah tangga (SKRT) tahun 2001 menunjukkan prevalensi ADB pada bayi 0-6 bulan 61,3%.Tujuan. Mengetahui berapa insidens defisiensi besi dengan atau tanpa anemia, dan kapan mulai terjadi deplesi besi atau defisiensi besi sebelum terjadi ADB pada bayi berusia 0-6 bulan.Metode. Desain penelitian adalah studi kohort prospektif dengan pembanding eksternal. Di antara 211 bayi yang ikut penelitian, terdiri dari 143 bayi yang lahir dari ibu tanpa anemia dan 68 bayi yang lahir dari ibu dengan anemia. Pemeriksaan darah tepi lengkap, gambaran darah tepi, saturasi transferin (ST) dilakukan saat bayi berusia 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 bulan. Diagnosis ADB berdasarkan 1) kadar Hb <14g/dL untuk usia 0-3 hari, <11g/dL untuk usia 1 bulan, <10g/dL untuk usia 2-6 bulan, 2) mikrositik dan atau hipokrom, 3) kadar Hb meningkat setelah diberi terapi besi, 4) RDW >14%, 5) Indeks Mentzer >13; 6) Indeks RDW >22,0. Deplesi besi bila ST <30% untuk usia 0-1 bulan, ST <21% untuk usia 2-6 bulan. Defisiensi besi bila ST <20% untuk usia 0-1 bulan, ST <16% untuk usia 2-6 bulan.Hasil. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB berturut-turut 28,0, 27,0, dan 40,8%; artinya 95,8% bayi mempunyai status besi bermasalah. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB paling tinggi pada bayi berusia 0 bulan, berturut-turut 9,5, 14,2, dan 11,8%.Kesimpulan. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB paling tinggi pada bayi berusia 0 bulan. Suplementasi zat besi elemental dengan dosis 1 mg/kg/hari hendaknya diberikan pada semua bayi aterm sejak lahir.
Patient: Male, 9-month-old Final Diagnosis: Newly diagnosed ITP Symptoms: Petechiae on the forehead • cheeks • mouth • extremities. The patient is febrile, had rhinorrhea for three days previously. The patient is pale, weak, cannot drink Medication: — Clinical Procedure: The patient had immunizations of the Measles-Rubella vaccine 19 days before. Physical examination: Eye, ENT, and mouth, no abnormalities. Heart and Lungs within normal limits. Abdomen: there was no organomegaly – there neither lymphadenopathy nor a congenital anomaly Specialty: Hematology • Infectious Diseases • Pediatrics and Neonatology Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is rare in infants under 1 year old. Bleeding often occurs when the platelet count is <20 000/uL. The disease can progress because of accompanying COVID-19 disease. Case Report: A 9-month-old boy, weighing 8.5 kg, came to the hospital with petechiae on the forehead, cheeks, mouth, and extremities. The patient had rhinorrhea for 3 days previously and was febrile, pale, weak, and could not drink. He had the measles-rubella vaccination 19 days prior. Physical examination showed no abnormalities of the eyes, ears, nose, throat, and mouth. Heart and lungs were within normal limits, with no organomegaly, lymph-adenopathy, or congenital anomaly of the abdomen. Laboratory examination showed hemoglobin, 12.7 g/dL; leukocytes, 7420/uL; platelet count, 16 000/uL; and hematocrit, 37.9%. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 14 mm at 1 h and 21 mm at 2 h. Peripheral blood smear showed normal RBC morphology, normal leukocytes, and few platelets. IgG was reactive and IgM was nonreactive on rapid antibody test. RT-PCR was positive for SARS-COV-2. Chest-X-ray showed pneumonia. The diagnosis was newly diagnosed ITP with COVID-19. Patient was treated with 30 mg/kg body weight/day of IV methylprednisolone for 3 days (250 mg); then 20 mg/kg body weight/day (175 mg) orally for 4 days in 3 divided doses. Azithromycin 100 mg/day, zinc 20 mg/day, and vitamin C 50 mg/day orally were also given. Conclusions: COVID-19 screening is highly recommended during this pandemic to identify it as a potential cause of childhood ITP. Megadose methylprednisolone had an excellent response in alleviating ITP with confirmed COVID-19 in an infant.
Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is still a major global health problem. Determination of reference ranges for complete blood count (CBC), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and reticulocyte production index (RPI) are essential to help diagnose a disease. Purpose The study aims to know the prevalence of IDA, risk factors that influence it, and set a reference range for CBC and reticulocyte parameters in infants aged 9–11 months in Indonesia. Patients and Methods The study was conducted prospectively at 10 Community Health Centers in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, from August 2020 to August 2021. Results This study recruited 100 healthy infants (47% boys, 53% girls) aged 9–11 months. The prevalence of IDA was 32%. There is no association between IDA prevalence with the mother’s education and occupation, maternal parity, family income, and infant nutritional status (p > 0.05). The reference range for hemoglobin (Hb) at P2.5-P97.5, P3-P97, P5-P95 and mean ± 2SD was 11.06 to 14.34 g/dL, 11.10 to 14.31 g/dL, 11.13 to 13.90 g/dL and 10.57 to 13.65 g/dL, respectively. This study also defined the reference ranges for reticulocyte parameters. Conclusion The reference range of CBC, Ret-He, IRF, and RPI for healthy infants aged 9–11 months in this study can be used as a benchmark.
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