A Survey on non-DTN and DTN Geographic based Protocols for VANETS

Abstract

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is the extended version of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). Both share similar characteristics except VANET is utilizing the vehicles instead of mobiles. However; the high speed of the vehicles, the rapidly change of VANET topology, and the city environment characteristics, has become today's issues in terms of wireless communication using vehicles. In terms of routing protocols, there are so many protocols that could be used by VANETs. However; these protocols are not capable enough to achieve the communication. Position-based or geographical-based routing is one of the examples that we will cover in this paper. Our main focus is to make comparison of geographical-based routing protocols. For example, qualitative comparison of protocols that are used for packages' carrying and forwarding such as some Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) and non-DTN geographic routing protocols. Finally, each protocol has its own advantages and disadvantages. So it is important to have an idea about them in order to guidance the researcher. Depends on this comparison it is observed that hybrid DTN and non-DTN will perform better since it will take the advantages of all DTN and non-DTN.

Towards general Internet of Vehicles networking: Routing protocols survey

“…• Mobility: RB-MP, 63 DABFS, 62 DHC, 64 MPBRP 65 -Hybrid TO-GO, 33 HybTGR, 34 ERTO 66 -Target destination Unicast VIRTUS, 67 Time-insensitive GeoSpray, 87 GSaR 88 2015, 86 , 2019 89 Routing strategy Proactive AOMDV 49 -Reactive IOLSR, 50 VIRTUS 67 -Hybrid ZRP 90 , HARP 91 -…”

Opportunistic protocol based on social probability and resources efficiency for the intelligent and connected transportation system

“…Furthermore, we define an identifier S that is measured the importance of the node compared to the other nodes in the network. The value of S is determined according to the EC(i, j) defined as shown in formula (5).…”

“…1 if the information of EC( j, d) about the node N j exit and EC( j, d) > 0 0 otherwise (5) The identifier S = 1 reflects that the node has contact with other nodes for the past period of time, and the message can be forwarded according to the social probability utility of the system. However, the identifier S = 0 indicates that the node has no contact with other nodes in the past time, that is, messages carried by the node are not likely to be forwarded.…”

“…When the value of S is 0 in formula (5), that is, EC( j, d) does not contain information about node N j , which means the node N j may not encounter node N d for a period of past time. It is necessary to transfer the message to the destination node before the end of the message life.…”

“…V2I and V2V use a Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) [4] method between either nearby vehicle or roadside equipment facilities. In particular, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) [5] based on V2V and V2I communications technology have aroused wide attention and gained rapid development. VANETs are expected to support a large spectrum of mobile distributed applications, which range from traffic alert dissemination and dynamic route planning to context-aware advertisement and file sharing.…”