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The specific characteristics of vehicular ad hoc networks, such as high speed of nodes and frequent topology changes, impose challenges for the routing process. In addition, the advent of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) concept along with the autonomous and connected cars contribute to the proliferation of new innovative applications with different quality of service requirements, rising new challenging issues for data transfer.In this article, we review the different taxonomies of vehicular routing protocols, while giving an insight into the design of geographical protocols. Then, we outline several optimization techniques and paradigms used to enhance the routing process. Moreover, in order to promote the deployment of robust IoV routing protocols at large scale, we provide some directions for future research work.

SummaryDue to the increasing number of vehicles in circulation in different urban cities, several automatic traffic monitoring systems have been developed. In particular, traffic monitoring systems using roadside cameras are becoming extensively deployed, as they offer imperative technological advantages compared with other traffic monitoring systems. Vehicle detection and traffic congestion classification are two main steps for video‐based traffic congestion detection systems; the associated methods have a deep impact on the performance of the whole system. In this paper, we investigate four selected vehicle detection methods namely Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), GMM‐Kalman filter, Optical Flow, and ACF object detector in two contexts: urban and highway. Three traffic congestion classification methods are also studied. The comparative study of the different methods allows us to choose the most appropriate ones to be integrated in the framework proposed to solve the traffic issues in the bridge of Bizerte.

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Multipath routing has been widely used in wireless sensor networks to improve mainly the network performance by providing the load balancing capabilities. However, high correlated paths can throttle data transfer and can cancel the benefits of using multiple routes for data forwarding towards the sink. In this context, we propose a Fast Multipath Routing Protocol (FMRP), a query based multipath routing protocol which provides a simple mechanism during the discovery phase to construct node-disjoint paths while minimizing the impact of collision and interference. Thus, selecting less correlated paths allows a fluent data transfer and an efficient resources use. The good performance of our protocol in terms of more energy saving and better network throughput is witnessed by extensive simulations under various traffic loads and adopting different scenarios.